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Objective:To explore the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) fumigation-washing therapy combined with etofenamate cream wiping in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Methods:From September 2018 to April 2019, 176 cases of knee osteoarthritis were divided into two groups according to random number table method.The observation group (91 cases) was treated by etofenamate cream based on fumigation-washing therapy with TCM, while the control group (85 cases) was treated by etofenamate cream wiping only.Both two groups continued treatment for 2 weeks.The Lequesne score and effective rate of the two groups were achieved and analyzed.Results:At 1 d and 2 weeks after treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in the Lequesne score between the two groups(all P>0.05). After treatment for 1 month and 3 months, Lequesne scores of the observation group[(4.1±1.1)points, (4.6±1.0)points] were lower than those of the control group [(6.2±1.2)points, (7.5±1.4)points]( t=12.155, 15.598, all P<0.05). At 1 d and 2 weeks after treatment, there were no statistically significant difference in the effective rate between the two groups(all P>0.05). After treatment for 1 month and 3 months, the effective rates of the observation group were 63.7%(58/91) and 61.5%(56/91), respectively, which were higher than those of the control group [41.2%(35/85) and 18.8%(16/85)] (χ 2=8.98, 33.17, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Fumigation-washing therapy with TCM combined with etofenamate cream wiping has quick, lasting and safe effect in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
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Quality of care and safety are the lifeline of hospital performance and hospital management.With reference to the KTQ hospital quality certification system of Germany,Tongji Hospital built platforms to supervise outpatient,emergency,inpatient,surgical operation,nursing, hospital-acquired infection,and pharmacy management.By the connection and reaction of both online and offline systems,Tongji Hospital has built a systematic,informationized and precise medical quality and safety system for large public hospitals,safeguarding quality of care and safety of patients.
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BACKGROUND:Herba epimedi, a traditional Chinese medicine, has a long time in dealing with various orthopedic disorders. Icarinwithmany biological activites is one of the most important compositions of Herba epimedi. OBJECTIVE:Toinvestigate the effects of icarin on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cels and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were treated using icarin with or without osteogenic mediumin vitro. Osteogenic differentiation markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin and osterix, were detected by real time-qPCR. Alizarin red staining was used to measure calcium nodes generated by osteoblasts induced frombonemarrow mesenchymal stem cels. The proximal tibia bone structure of rats fed with icarin (2 mgperday) for 5 weeks was detected and analyzed by MicroCT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Icarin was able to promote the expression of genes related to osteogenic differentiation in the absence or presence of osteogenic induction. Icarin could obviously increase the quantity of calcium nodes whenmesenchymal stem celswere cultured in the osteogenic medium. The animal experiment showed that icarin improved formation of trabecular bone.
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Objective To observe the effects of different concentrations of glucose on the proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts.Methods The identification of mouse primary osteoblasts was performed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP)staining and Von Kossa staining.Treating osteoblasts with different dose of glucose (5.5,15.5,25.5 mmol/L),the osteoblasts proliferation,ALP staining,and Runx2,OB markers ALP and OCN mRNA expression were observed.Real-time PCR was used for the determination of Runx2,OB markers ALP and OCN mRNA expression.Results With the increasing glucose concentrations,the osteoblasts cell proliferation was decreased.Compared with 5.5 mmol/L normal glucose,the ALP staining in 15.5 mmol/L group and 25.5 mmol/L group were decreased.The expressions were decreased by (36.7±6.2)％ and (38.3±2.2)％ in Runx2 mRNA,(26.7±7.2)％ and (40.4±4.3)％ in OCN mRNA respectively.ALP in 15.5 mmol/L group was reduced by (33.3±10.2)％,but increased by(50.8±10.4) ％ in 15.5 mmol/L group.Conclusions High glucose may decrease osteoblasts proliferation and activity,which may be one of the key pathogenesis factors of diabetic osteoporosis.
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Objective To detect the expression levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3),MMP-9,MMP-13 and MMP-14 in the patients with osteoarthritis(OA)before and after arthroscopic debridement,and to explore the influence of arthroscopic debridement in the expressions of uPA, MMP-3,MMP-9,MMP-13, and MMP-14.Methods 420 cases of synovial fluid from knee OA patients undergoing arthroscopic debridement were obtained before operation. After six months follow-up, 350 cases of synovial fluid samples were obtained and according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 228 synovial fluid were selected to analyze.The expression levels of uPA,MMP-3,MMP-9,MMP-13,and MMP-14 were measured by ELISA assay.Pain intensity of these patients before operation and six months after operation were recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale/Score(VAS).The differences of the expression levels of uPA,MMP-3,MMP-9, MMP-13,and MMP-14 between before operation and after operation were compared.The relationship between the expression levels of uPA, and MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, MMP-14 and VAS was analyzed with Spearman analysis.Results All the patients were followed up for 36.5 months. Compared with before operation, the expression levels of uPA and MMP-3 in the synovial fluid of the patients after arthroscopic debridement were significantly decreased(P<0.01),the expression levels of MMP-9 and MMP-13 were also decreased (P<0.05), but the MMP-14 expression level showed no significant change.The expression levels of uPA,MMP-3,MMP-9, MMP-13,MMP-14 were positively associated with VAS before arthroscopic debridement (r=0.361,r=0.417, r=0.136,r=0.514,r=0.156,P<0.05 );uPA and MMP-3 were positively correlated with VAS after arthroscopic debridement(r=0.981,r=0.831,P<0.01),as well as the expression level of MMP-13 and VAS, but there were no significant differences between the expression levels of MMP-9, MMP-14 and VAS. Conclusion The decreased levels of uPA,MMP-3 and MMP-13 in synovial fluid may contribute to the pain-relief effects of arthroscopic debridement.
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Objective To compare the effects of sodium hyaluronate (SH) and celecoxib (CO) administration on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to investigate their influences on levels of uPA and MMP-3 in synovial fluid. Methods One hundred and thirty-six knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients from January 2010 to October 2011 were randomly enrolled into two groups: the SH group and the CO group. In the SH group, patients were injected with 2 mL sodium hyaluronate intra articulation once a week for 5 weeks. In the CO group , patients were given oral administration of celecoxib daily at a dosage of 200 mg for 5 weeks. Before and at 1 ,6 months after treatment, Lequesne′s index and VAS-pain were detected to assess the clinical results of these two drugs. The levels of uPA and MMP-3 in synovial fluid were measured by using ELISA assay. Results All patients were followed up for 6 months to 12 months. The Lequesne′s index and VAS-pain score were lowered at 1 and 6 moths after treatment in both the SH group and the CO group(P0.05). Dramatic reduction of the levels of uPA and MMP-3 in synovial fluid were observed in the SH group after treatment(P0.05). Conclusion The redueced levels of uPA and MMP-3 in synovial fluid after treatment of sodium hyaluronate may contribute to its longer-lasting effect than that of celecoxib. Therefore , the combination of sodium hyaluronate with celecoxib may lead to better therapeutic effect on OA patients.
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Objective To observe the effect of early rehabilitation therapy on recovery from reoperation for recurrent lumbar disc herniation (RLDH).Methods Sixty-five cases who received surgery for RLDH between 2007 and 2009 were randomly divided into a rehabilitation group and control group.Both groups were treated with the same surgical approach and routine treatment.Early and comprehensive rehabilitation therapy was provided in the rehabilitation group during the perioperative period,including preoperative and postoperative muscle strength training,postoperative sitting and standing balance training,and acupuncture.The control group was instructed only in general exercise.Before the operation and 2 weeks and 3,6,12 and 24 months afterward,the surgical outcomes of all cases were assessed using the JOA score and the improvement rate in the JOA score.Any postoperative complications and intervertebral fusion were also observed.Results The average postoperative JOA scores of both groups were significantly higher than their preoperative scores.At all of the time points after the operation,the average JOA scores and all improvement rates in the rehabilitation group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Postoperative complications such as deep venous thrombosis,urinary retention and constipation were significantly less among the rehabilitation group than among the controls.All the intervertebral bone implants were well fused on time.Conclusion Early rehabilitation can significantly improve the effectiveness of RLDH reoperation and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.It is recommended for clinical application.
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Objective To investigate the effect of 620 nm red light on chondrogenic differentiation in rat precartilaginous stem cells (PSCs). Methods Rats' PSCs were isolated and purified using magnetically activated cell sorting and cultured in vitro.The PSCs were exposed once to 620 nm wavelength red light from a light-emitting diode (LED) with an irradiation energy of 0.5 J/cm2,1 J/cm2,2 J/cm2 or 4 J/cm2.Any effect was confirmed by Alcian blue staining,immunohistochemistry and observing histomorphological changes under a light microscope,as well as detection using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results After being induced for 14 d,the PSCs exhibited polygonal and round shapes. Alcian blue and type Ⅱ collagen immunohistoehemistry staining showed positive results,but the control group had no significant change.RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of Sox9 and type Ⅱ collagen increased significantly compared with the control group. Conclusion Low energy 620 nm red light can enhance chondrogenic differentiation in PSCs significantly.
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Objective To study the impacts of dynamic compressive stress on the mRNA expression of osteopontin ( OPN ),runt related gene 2 ( Runx2 ),osteocalcin ( OC ),osterix,alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in the osteoblasts of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods Osteoblasts extracted from skull periosteum tissue of neonatal SD rats were digested using trypsin and collagenase （Ⅰ）,then were subcultured and amplified in vitro.ALP staining and alizarin red staining were performed to identify the purified cells.The cells were treated with compressive stress at 20,50 or 100 mmHg for 24 h.The expression levels of OPN,Runx-2,OC,osterix,ALP and BMP-2 were measured and quantitatively analysed using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Under 20 mmHg of dynamic compressive stress the expression levels of OPN,Runx2,OC,osterix,ALP and BMP-2 all were elevated compared with the control group.The peak expression oecured under 50 mmHg pressure. The expression levels did not change significantly compared with the control group under 100 mmHg pressure. Conclusions Moderate dynamic compressive stress can promote the expression of OPN,Runx-2,OC,osterix,ALP and BMP-2 mRNA in osteoblasts,which might be an important mechanism for promoting the union of fractures.
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Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) level and the ERK1/2 signal pathway are dependent factors for the growth and metastasis of cancer. However, the impact of MMP-2 in combination with ERK1/2 in tumor patients with drug resistance is unknown. To determine the relationship between MMP-2 and the ERK1/2 signal pathway, we established an adriamycin (ADM)-induced MG-63 (ADM-MG-63) cell line. With the increase of the ERK1/2 pathway blocker PD98059, we detected the expression levels of MMP-2 and p-ERK1/2 by Western blot in ADM-MG-63 cells. In ADM-MG-63 cells transfected with MMP-2-siRNA, the expression of ERK1/2 was detected for understanding the function of the ERK1/2 signal pathway. Three siRNAs for MMP-2 (MMP-2-siRNA) were designed, and the optimal one was selected and tested at different time points of 24, 48 and 72 h. Under an ADM-induced condition, ADM-MG-63 cells were finally stable living in the medium of ADM (200 ng/mL). PD98059 could effectively suppress the expression levels of p-ERK1/2 and MMP-2. When the MMP-2 was silenced by using MMP-2-siRNA, the expression of p-ERK1/2 was enhanced. It is concluded that MMP-2 may be involved in ADM resistance dependent on ERK1/2 signal pathway, suggesting interference in ERK1/2 may be a new method of targeted therapy for tumor resistance.
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The osteogenic in vitro effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on SD rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) was investigated. Rat ADSCs underwent LIPUS (intensity=100 mW/cm(2)) or sham exposure for 8 min per treatment once everyday in vitro, and then the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation were assessed to evaluate the osteogenic effect of LIPUS on ADSCs. To further explore the underlying mechanism, the osteogenic-related gene mRNA expression was determined by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th day after exposure repectively. Westen blot was used to evaluate the protein expression levels of two osteogenic differentiation associated genes at 7th and 14th day repectively. It was found that ALP activity was increased after LIPUS exposure and LIPUS resulted in mineralized nodule formation of ADSCs in vitro. LIPUS-treated ADSCs displayed higher mRNA expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), ALP and bone sialoprotein (BSP) genes than controls, and the protein levels of Runx2 and BSP were also increased. The results suggested that LIPUS may induce the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro.
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Objective To study the causes and theoretical basis for good bone healing ability of magnetic Porous Ca3 (PO4) 2 ( MPTCP). Methods Seven MPTCP specimens with size of 2 cm × 1 cm × 0.5 cm were placed in the material physical system for detecting 42 times and the mean detection value was used to measure the MPTCP curve. The attachment 16451B of impedance spectrometer HP RLC was employed to measure dielectric spectroscopy and dielectric spectroscopy of MPTCP. Four-wire method was used to measure the impedance of MPTCP. Results The magnetic intensity changed rapidly when magnetic field was in a range of-10,000-10,000 Oe. The peak of dielectric spectroscopy and impedance of magnetic bioceramics was in the range of 103-104 Hz. When the external electromagnetic wave of frequency was ≤ 1 000 Hz, electrical impedance of MPTCP was large;while when the electromagnetic wave frequency was≥1 000 Hz, the impedance was relatively small and stable. Conclusion The environmental magnetic fields may change the magnetic and electric behavior of MPTCP and promote the biological healing, which may be the cause for the good bone healing ability of MPTCP.
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This study examined the construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid of human transforming growth factor-β3 (hTGF-β3) and its inducing effect on the differentiation of precartilaginous stem cells (PSCs) into chondroblasts. hTGF-β3 gene was amplified by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then inserted into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1 to construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-hTGF-β3. Rat PSCs were isolated and purified by employing an immunomagnetic cell sorting system. pcDNA3.1(+)-hTGF-β3 was transfected into purified PSCs with the use of linear polyamines. The expression of TGF-β3 and cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components was detected after transfection by real-time quantitative PCR, ELISA, immunochemistry and Western blotting, respectively. The results showed that the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-hTGF-β3 was successfully established as identified by enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA revealed that hTGF-β3 was strongly expressed in pcDNA3.1(+)-hTGF-β3-transfected PSCs. Real-time quantitative PCR, immunochemistry and Western blotting showed that the cartilage-specific ECM markers, i.e., cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), Aggrecan, collagen type X and II were intensely expressed in the pcDNA3.1(+)-hTGF-β3-transfected cells. It was concluded that hTGF-β3 could be stably expressed in pcDNA3.1(+)-hTGF-β3-transfected PSCs and induce the differentiation of PSCs into chondroblasts.
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This study examined the effect of small interfering RNA-mediated β-catenin knockdown on the survival, invasion and chemosensitivity of human osteosarcoma cells (U2-OS cells). The siRNA against β-catenin was constructed and transfected into U2-OS cells. The expression of β-catenin was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell growth and apoptosis was detected in the presence or absence of doxorubicin by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell invasion ability was measured by transwell assay. The results showed that the transfection of β-catenin siRNA resulted in decreased expression of β-catenin, suppression of invasion and motility of U2-OS cells, reduced chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in vitro, and little change in cell growth and apoptosis. Additionally, down-regulated MT1-MMP expression was found after transfection. It was concluded that knockdown of β-catenin gene may decrease the invasive ability of human osteosarcoma cells through down-regulated MT1-MMP expression, and the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells against doxorubicin.
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Objective To assess the feasibility and clinical results of video-assisted high anterior transcervical approach (Smith-Robinson) in treatment of spinal lesions of the craniovertebral junction. Methods Between April 2007 to October 2009, nineteen consecutive patients with spinal lesions of the craniovertebral junction were included in the study. There were 9 males and 10 females aged from 16 to 62 years old with a mean of 32 years. The primary pathologies included 4 cases with chronic odontiod fracture, 2 cases with purely irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation, 6 cases with os odonteideum, 1 case with Marfan synd rome, 1 case with primary basilar invagination from Kippel-Feil syndrome, 3 case with axis tumor and 1 case with irreducible rheumatoid atlantoaxial dislocation. All of the patients underwent combined video-assisted high anterior transcervical procedure and posterior fixation at one-stage. The anterior procedure included atlantoaxil release and reduction (8 cases), odontoidectomy (8 cases), and intralesional extracapsular excision and reconstruction (3 tumor cases). The posterior technique were C1-C2 pedicle screw fixation (13 cases), C1-C3 pedicle screw fixation (2 cases), and occipitalcervical fusion (4 cases). Results Anatomical reduction was achieved in eight cases with anterior release and reduction. Tumors were completely removed in three cases with axial tumor. The mean follow-up was 14 months (6-36 months). All of them achieved solid bone fusion. In the 14 patients with symptoms of spinal cord dysfunction, the average Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA)score had improved from 9.1±3.3 preoperatively to 14.1±2.9 postperatively. The improvement rate was excellent for 7 cases, good for 5 cases, fair for lcase and poor for 1 case. One patient experienced leakage of cerebrospinal fluid which was resolved by bioprotein gelatin blocking and lumbar subarachnoid continuous drainage within 1 week. Dysphagia which occurred in 3 cases responded well to dexamethason and mannitol.No infection and hardware failure were observed. Conclusion Video-assisted high anterior transcervical procedure is a safe and effective alternative for treating spinal lesions in the craniovertebral junction.
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Objective To investigate the effects of magnetic stimulation (MS) on the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs)/progenitor cells after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods Forty-six Wistar rats were used, of which 40 were used to make an animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI) by administering a 10 g x 12.5 cm impact at the T8 level. The other 6 served as the normal controls. The SCI model rats were evenly divided into a magnetic stimulation (MS) group ( n = 20) and a control group ( n = 20). The rats in the MS group received 0.5 Hz and 1.44 T magnetic stimulation 24 h post injury, then 30 pulses per day for 7 days. The rats in the other groups were not exposed to MS. The scale of Basso, Beatti and Bresnahan (BBB) was used to assess hindlimb neurological function. Rats were sacrificed at the 24th hour, and at the 1st, 4th and 8th weeks after SCI. The ratio of nestin to microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2)/nestin in the cells of the spinal cord was determined by immunofluorescence. Results The BBB scores in the MS group were signifi-cantly higher than those of the control group at 1, 4 and 8 weeks post SCI. Nestin and the MAP2/nestin ratios were mild in the normal spinal cords, but increased after SCI. They were higher in the MS group than that in the control groups at all time points. Conclusions MS can promote nestin expression in the spinal cord after SCI and facili-tate neural differentiation.
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Some studies indicate that adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) can differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and osteogenic cells in vitro. However, whether ADSCs can be induced to differentiate into neural cells in vitro has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, the ADSCs isolated from the murine adipose tissue were cultured and transfected with the EGFP gene, and then the cells were induced for neural differentiation. The morphology of those ADSCs began to change within two days which developed into characteristics of round cell bodies with several branching extensions, concomitantly expressing EGFP fluorescence. Approximately 60% of the total cell populations were bipolar or multipolar in shape. Some of them appeared to make contact with their neighboring cells. RT-PCR, Western blot and Immunocytochemistry revealed that the expression levels of the markers of neurons and oligodendrocytes such as MAP2, NF-70, Neu N and RIP upon neural induction were increased, but the expression of the special marker of astrocytes, GFAP, was undetectable until 96 h after induction when a small signal was observed. It was concluded that the ADSCs transfected with EGFP possessed the ability to undergo morphologic and phenotypic changes consistent with neural differentiation in vitro. It suggests that these cells might provide an ideal source for further stem cell research with possible therapeutic application for spinal cord injury.
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The influence of short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated osteopontin (OPN) gene silencing on the proliferation and invasion of human renal cancer ACHN cells was investigated. Four types of OPN shRNA recombinant plasmids were constructed and RT-PCR assays were used to screen the most highly functional shRNA recombinant plasmids, which were transferred into the cultured ACHN cells by Lipofectamine 2000. The cells transfected by shRNA expression vectors (ACHN/OPN) were visualized under an inverted microscope and screened by G418. Untreated cells (ACHN) and cells transfected by mock vectors (ACHN/Vect) were used as control groups. The expression levels of OPN mRNA and protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot respectively. The cell cycle and ratios of apoptotic cells were assessed by flow cytometry. MTT method was used for drawing the growth curve and observing cell proliferation in vitro. The abilities of migration and invasion in three groups were measured by Transwell chamber test. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in three groups were examined by Western blot. Our results showed that the recombinant plasmid could be successfully transferred into ACHN cells by LipofectamineTM 2000. Compared with untreated cells, the expression levels of OPN mRNA and protein in ACHN/OPN cells were decreased by 59.68% and 76.42%, respectively (P<0.05), ACHN/OPN cells were blocked in S phase and apoptotic ratio increased significantly (P<0.05), however, no significant differences were found between ACHN/Vect and ACHN. Recombinant plasmid significantly attenuated expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins and suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ACHN cells. This study suggested that OPN may play an important role in the growth and invasion of human renal cancer ACHN cells, and these processes are correlated with the activations of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our data provided preliminary experimental evidence for the feasibility of RNA interference technology in gene therapy of human renal cancer.
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Objective: To investigate the differentially expressed genes in osteosarcoma cell lines with various metastatic potentialities, and to screen for new candidate genes related to metastasis of osteosarcomas. Methods: The total RNAs of a lowly metastatic and a highly metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines (M6 and M8) were extracted. Differentially expressed genes in the two osteosarcoma cell lines were studied by cDNA microarray. The hybridization signals were scanned with a Generation Ⅲ array scanner and analyzed by Imagequant 5.0 software. Typical differentially expressed genes were further verified by real-time quantitative PCR. Results: There were 330 differentially expressed genes between M6 and M8 cells. In the high-metastasis M8 cells, 178 genes were up-regulated and 152 genes were down-regulated compared to the low-metastasis M6 cells, with 43 extremely up-regulated and 49 extremely down-regulated. The differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with cell proliferation, indicating these genes might be related to the inhibition of M6 cells. Other differentially expressed genes included those associated with the regulation of gene expression and signal transduction, indicating these genes might be correlated with tumor metastasis. Conclusion: cDNA microarray shows an advantage in identifying genes associated with metastasis of osteosarcoma. In M8 subset of MG63 osteosarcoma cells,43 genes are up-regulated and 49 genes are down-regulated, which may be related with metastasis of osteosarcoma.
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BACKGROUND: Models concerning tumor external environment mainly concentrated on laboratory two-dimensional culture and in vitro animal experiment, which lack of three-dimensional stereo.OBJECTIVE: To establish in vitro bone metastasis stereo models of human prostate carcinoma, and to investigate the effect of stem cells on proliferation rate and clustering size of prostate carcinoma cells. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were extracted from 2 clean grade SD rats. Alginate was used to simulate medullary microenvironment, where prostate carcinoma cells and BMMSCs were co-culturedd. Growth of the cells in the three-dimensional model was observed through microscope and histological sections. The carcinoma cells were transfected with green fluorescent protein. The proliferation of monoclonal cells clustering was observed under light microscope and fluorescence microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the co-culture group, the clustering speed, clustering amount and tumor formation rate were greater that those of the control group. The monoclonal cells clustering was formed at 7.75 days and 6.00 days in the control and co-culture groups, respectively, with cell counts of (95.13±11.63) and (112.53±14.67) after 10 days. The formation rate of fluorescent cell clones was (77.10±6.85)% in the control group and (64.55±6.21)% in the co-culture group, the difference had significance. The results suggested that: the alginate microenvironment is conductive to proliferation and clustering of prostate carcinoma cells and BMMSCs.