Lc-Ms/Ms Study Of The Trace Level Impurities Of Irbesartan An Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonist Molecule To Its Origin Through Nms2 Technique

Objective: The mass characterization of five trace level related impurities of Irbesartan was performed through the “nMS2” technique of triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and also to Correlated to the impurity origin. Methods: A simple and effective patented process was applied to get the impurity profile, and mass characterization was performed through the “nMS2” technique of triple quadrupole mass spectrometer analyser. Results: The simple production scan in differential collision energies is coined as “nMS2” technique of the triple quadrupole analyzer. The molecular ion fragmentation occurs with multiple collision energies and provides meaningful MSMS fragments for characterizing five trace level impurities less than 0.5% of angiotensin II receptor antagonist-Irbesartan. The origin of the impurity formation in the synthetic process was successfully related to the Spiro ketones. Conclusion: The results obtained in this research clearly indicates the approach of “nMS2” technique was very useful in the identification and structural prediction of trace level related impurities of Irbesrtan.

Profile of organo phosphorous poisoning at a tertiary medical centre in Jharkhand, India

Background: Poisoning is the most common method, employed for the act of deliberate self-harm. The wide availability, lack of rules and regulations for the sale of pesticides resulted in wide spread use of Organophosphate as one of the most common poison used for deliberate self-harm.Methods: In this study, authors aim to find out clinical profile with respect to different O.P. compounds, prognosis and outcome of each patient in relation to the delay in getting medical attention. Present study objective is to find out if there is any specific clinical finding which can predict bad outcome.Results: Out of 344 cases, 189 cases had type 1 respiratory failure, while in 34 cases type II respiratory failure present. 61 cases expired and out of these 61 cases 47 cases died within 24 hours and 11 cases died in next 48 hours.Conclusions: Maximum number of cases were in the age group of 21 - 30years. The maximum number of deaths were in the first 72 hours. Number of cases were more in males as compared to females. Chances of survival was better in persons who reached early to the hospital.

RISUG: An intravasal injectable male contraceptive.

Over the last two decades RISUG has been drawing attention in the field of male contraception. It promises to sterile men for a period of up to 10-15 years. According to recent studies in animal models, it proves to be completely reversible. Practically, there are no better options available that can assure complete sterility and precise reversibility. Regardless of so much of information available, RISUG is still holding up for many reasons, firstly, the available information engender bewilderment such as what is this copolymer, how does it work and is reversal really possible? Secondly, advancement of this outstanding invention is drastically slow and thirdly, effects of long-term contraception with RISUG and reports on evaluation of anomalies (if any) in F1, F2 progenies, are lacking. In this review the lacunae as well as advances in the development of RISUG in the light of published work and available resources are pointed out. Formulation of the RISUG, its mode of action and clinical trials have been addressed with particular emphasis.

An evaluation of strength of composite resin restorations using different bonding agents - An In-Vitro study.

In the recent years, the scope of conservative dentistry with emphasis on esthetics has increased by leaps and bounds in enhancing individual personality. Composite resins are important for aesthetic restorations in dentistry, specifically in operative dentistry. But without bonding agents the success of composite restorations is minimized. Researchers are constantly endeavoring to improve the quality of bonding agents. The advent of new bonding systems which are capable of bonding both enamel & dentin has opened new avenues in the field of restorative dentistry. With the market floating with new bonding agents claiming superior bonding properties, this study was undertaken to investigate the degree of bond strength produced by three commercially available bonding agents (Syntac, Scotchbond 1, & Clearfil SE) with composite resin (Esthet-X) taken for the experimental procedure.

Adenomyose [a propos de 58 cas]

From the 58 cases of adenomyosis recensed at the maternity Souissi unit, the authors highlight some points dealing with this pathology. It affects perimenopause multiparous women. The painful and haemorragic syndromes are predominant but remain less specific. The paraclinic exploration which is necessary is hysterosalpingography. The treatment can be medical but often only total hysterectomy can be better for the patient

The relationship between blood pressure and serum insulin response in glucose intolerant subjects.

One hundred newly diagnosed IGT and type 2 diabetic subjects both normotensive and hypertensive and of age between 40-55 years were studied by oral glucose stimulation. Serum insulin concentrations were measured in the fasting and at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after glucose administration. Postglucose serum insulin responses were found to be significantly higher in the hypertensive subjects with FPG < 7.8 mmol/l (p < 0.05 at 30, 60 and 120 minutes) as compared with the corresponding values of the normotensive subjects with comparable fasting hyperglycemia. No significant difference in insulin responses between hypertensive and normotensive subjects was found in those with FPG > 7.8 mmol/l. A positive correlation was observed between diastolic blood pressure and 2 hour postglucose serum insulin concentration in those with FPG < 7.8 mmol/l (P < .05). The results suggested that hyperinsulinemia is a feature of hypertensive subjects with mild glucose intolerance and not of those with severe glucose intolerance. The absence of elevated insulin response in hypertensive subjects with advanced type 2 diabetes might be due to severe B cell decompensation. It appears that insulin resistance is somehow associated with essential hypertension and hyperinsulinemia is not necessary for the maintenance of raised blood pressure.

Transesophageal echocardiography.

TEE is the most recent and significant addition to the already existent array of cardiovascular ultrasound imaging techniques. Never before have cardiologists reaped so many benefits from their exploitation of the close anatomic relationship between the heart and esophagus, and never before has there been such a close co-operation and imparting of expertise between gastroenterologists and cardiologist. TEE consists of two-dimensional cardiac and vascular imaging via the esophagus by a flexible echoscope which contains a phased-array mono- or biplane transducer (5MHz) mounted on its distal end. It completely bypasses the transthoracic acoustic impedance and thereby provides superior resolution. TEE requires training of a cardiologist by a gastroenterologist in safe insertion and handling of the echoscope necessary for imaging. The indications and contraindications of TEE have been quickly defined in view of the past TTE and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic experience (ref. Tables 1 and 2). Our own and others experience indicate that only 8%-10% of the indicated TTE studies require supplementary TEE studies either because of inadequate or nondiagnostic TTE imaging for various technical reasons -- e.g., obesity, hyperinflation of lungs, thoracic age abnormalities such as severe pectus excavatum or kyphoscoliosis-or difficult areas of imaging such as left atrial appendage or interatrial septum in the sinus venosus region, aortic dissection, prosthetic valve dysfunction, valvular vegetation, complex congenital heart disease etc. One area in which TEE has made a significant impact is in the intraoperative and perioperative cardiac monitoring for left ventricular function during CABG, repair of intracardiac shunt, cardiac valve repair or replacement and complete removal of intracardiac air before discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass. In these contexts, TEE has also proved more practical, convenient and superior to TTE. TEE has also improved the imaging and problem solving in critical care units, particularly in those patients who have recently undergone cardiothoracic surgery and those who are on mechanical ventilation, traditionally the two clinical situations where TTE provides suboptimal results. TEE can safely be performed at the patient's bedside in these units. Refinement and miniaturizing of the transesophageal echoscope (5MHz, small, 6 to 8-mm circumference) has made it possible to perform TEE in infants and young children and improve the diagnosis and surgical management of both cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

HLA-DRB nucleotide sequences arranged in polymorphic groups.

The nucleotide sequence information of HLA-DR B genes is presented in this short review in a format which is useful for designing sequence specific oligonucleotides (SSOs) for DNA typing. The relationships between various HLA-DR alleles are also shown.