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1.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 2022 May; 65(1): 73-82
Artigo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-223303

RESUMO

Embryonal tumors are a heterogenous group of neoplasms mostly defined by recurrent genetic driver events. They have been, previously, broadly classified as either medulloblastoma or supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs). However, the application of DNA methylation/gene expression profiling in large series of neoplasms histologically defined as PNET, revealed tumors, which showed genetic events associated with glial tumors. These findings led to the definitive removal of the term “PNET” in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors. Moreover, further studies on a large scale of methylation profiling have allowed the identification of new molecular-defined entities and have largely influenced the 5th edition of the WHO classification of CNS tumors (WHO CNS5) for both medulloblastomas and other CNS embryonal tumors. The importance of molecular characteristics in CNS embryonal tumors is well represented by the identification of different molecular groups and subgroups in medulloblastoma. So, in the CNS5, the emerged group 3 and group 4 belong to the classification, and the four molecular and morphologic types are now combined into a unique section. Among other embryonal tumors, two new recognized entities are introduced in CNS5: CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated, and CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD). Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), already present in the previous classification now has a revised nomenclature as a result of the new DICER1 alteration, additional to the formerly known C19MC. Regarding atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), three molecular subgroups are recognized in CNS5. The combination of histopathological and molecular features reflects the complexity of all these tumors and gives critical information in terms of prognosis and therapy. This encourages the use of a layered diagnostic report with the integrated diagnosis at the top, succeeded by layers including the histological, molecular, and other essential details.

2.
Rev. argent. reumatol ; 12(3): 65-68, 2001. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-305517

RESUMO

En los pacientes infectados por el HIV se han descripto manifestaciones reumáticas hasta en un 70 por ciento de los casos. Las mas frecuentes han sido artralgias, mialgias, artritis asociada a HIV, artritis reactivas, espondiloartropatias indiferenciadas. Otras menos frecuentes incluyeron artritis psoriasica, artritis infecciosas, sindrome Lupus - like, DILS, miopatias y vasculitis. Objetivo: determinar el numero de los casos de pacientes HIV+ con manifestaciones reumaticas, sus caracteristicas, distribucion por sexo, edad, factores de riesgo y tratamientos recibidos en las secciones de Reumatologia e Infectologia del Hospital Municipal Prof. Dr. B. Houssay en un período de tiempo. Materiales y metodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes atendidos en el periodo de 1999-2000. La informacion se obtuvo de las historias clinicas de las Secciones de Reumatologia e Infectologias del Hospital. El diagnostico de HIV se efectuo por Elisa y se confirmo por Western Blot. Se consignaron los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, factoes de riesgo, tratamientos recibidos, radiologia, laboratorio inmunologico, cultivo de liquido sinovial, CPK, electromiograma y biopsia muscular de acuerdo a las manifestaciones reumaticas presentadas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 392 pacientes infectados por el HIV, de los cuales 64.5 por ciento eran hombres y 35.4 por ciento mujeres. Se detectaron 20 pacientes (5 por ciento) 13 hombres y 7 mujeres, con las siguientes manifestaciones reumaticas: artralgias 7, lumbalgia 5, mialgia 3, artritis infecciosas 2, sacroileitis 1, sindrome de Reiter 1, miopatia inflamatoria 1. Conclusion: En la literatura se describieron con frecuencia las artralgias y mialgias, mientras el compromiso de esqueleto axial no es comun y usualmente leve. En nuestro estudio las manifestaciones mas frecuentes fueron artralgias, lumbalgias y mialgias, siendo menor el numero de otras manifestaciones


Assuntos
Dor Lombar , Doenças Reumáticas
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