Electron microscope and histochemical studies on the oncosphere of hymenolepis nana

The ultra and histochemical structures of the oncosphere of Hymenolepis nana were studied. The oncosphere is surrounded by several protective layers. The outer envelope appears to be cellular in origin and consist of an electron dense outer zone and an inner granular zone, mucoprotein in nature. The inner envelope and embryophore are a continuous morphological unit of a protein structure. Within the oncosphere, apart from hooks, there are two germ cells, two somatic cells and a large penetration gland. The oncospheral hooks consist of three layers and elicit a positive reaction for keratin. The penetration glands fill the posterior region of the embryo and contain granules of varying density and shape

Seasonal variation and incidence of stictodora tridactyla in fish from Lake Manzala

Stictodora tridactyla encysted metacercariae were detected in Mugil and Tilapia collected only from brackish water fish from lake Manzala. The prevalence and intensity of encysted metacercariae were higher in summer than in winter

Immunodiffusion, immunofluorescence and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the serodiagnosis of giardiasis

Circulating anti-Giardia lamblia antibodies have been estimated in the sera of 48 patients of parasitologically proven G. lamblia infection using the immunodiffusion [I.D.] indirect fluorescent antibody [I.F.A.] and enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] tests. The results showed that ELISA technique was the most simple sensitive [95.8%] and specific [100%] test. These advantages make it more applicable in seroepidemiology of giardiasis

Ultrastructural studies of the surface of hymenolepis nana by scanning and transmission electron microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy of the surface of Hymenolepis nana indicated that dense populations of microtriches occur on scolex proper, suckers and strobila, with an average density of 20/um[2]. The excellent preservation of microtriches proves the efficacy of the critical point drying method for preparing cestodes for study of SEM. The cytological structure of the tegument of H. nana corresponds general to that of other tapeworms

electron microscope study on spermatogenesis in hymenolepis nana

Only on the basis of nuclear size, spermatogonia can be easily identified by their relatively large prominent nuclei. Further meiotic division occur resulting in primary spermatocytes. The nuclei become smaller, placed peripherally forming the spermatids. Membrane-bound clefts develop in the cytoplasm in the region of spermatid nuclei and that such clefts eventually enclose the elongated nuclei to become the plasma membrane of the sperm. There is a common general pattern of spermatogenesis in cestodes which follows the pattern typical of the platyhelminthes

Application of enzyme-linked immuno-electro-diffusionassay [Elieda] in diagnosis of bilharziasis

The sensitivity of the technique of immunoelectrodiffusion has been enhanced by combining it with an enzyme method. The precipitated immuno-complexes are treated with antibodies conjugated with an enzyme specific for each class of immuno-globulins. This association realizes the ELIEDA and enable the class of immunoglobulins involved in the reactions to be determined. The technique allows the follow up and the qualitative evaluation of the bilharzian antibody in natural and experimental affections

Detection of giardia lamblia copro-antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and counter immunoclectrophoresis [CIEP] were used to detect G. Lamblia Copro antigens. Rabbit antisera raised against Giardia trophozoites and cysts were used as anti-Giardic antibodies. The overall sensitivity of the ELISA was 96.15% and its specificity was 93.48% in contrast to 69.23% and 82.61% for the CIEP

mechanism of acquired immunity in experimental giardiasis

Giardia-spontaneously cured mice were rendered resistant to challenge infection. This was documented by the decreased cyst excretion rate comparable to the control ones. Endoxan and irradiation treatment caused a breakdown in both humoral and cellular immunity. Immune-depressed mice were more susceptible to Giardia infection, thus proving the active role of antibodies and cell-mediated immune response in giardiasis

Histopathological and histochemical studies on experimentally infected hamsters with stictodora tridactyla

Histopathological changes in the intestinal mucosa in the form of inflammation with atrophic changes in the villi and foci of cellular reaction were seen at the sites of experimental infection in hamsters with Stictodora tridactyla. The activity of succinic dehydrogenase, non specific esterase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in the villi and the activity of acid phosphatase in the glands were markedly reduced. These changes suggest a disturbance in both digestive and absorptive mechanisms of the small intestine

Ultrastructure study of schistosomula recovered after cercarial penetration of isolated skin

The ultrastructure, development and antigenic nature of the surface and the viability of schistosomula formed after cercariae had penetrated isolated skin has been studied. Within 2 hours of transformation, the surface membrane of schistosomula had changed from trilaminate to heptalaminate structures and lost their cercarial glycocalyx. The preacetabular glands of schistosomula were emptied, the mixed agglutination reaction demonstrated the presence of human A and B blood group-like antigenic determinant on approximately 30% of 3 hours old schistosomula. The first schistosomula reached the gut closed stage by day 12 [50-70%], and between 40% of all schistosomula developed to maturity when injected intravenously into mice

Evaluation of immunodiagnostic tests in detection of trichinosis in experimentally infected rats

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], the indirect Immunofluorescent [IF] and the counter current immunoelectrophoresis [CEP] were evaluated in detection of anti-Trichinella antibodies in experimentally infected rats. The CEP was the most specific and highly sensitive test. Also, the IF was highly sensitive but less specific. ELISA was the least specific but extremely sensitive specially in detecting early infection

Intensity of infection and antibody response in schistosomiasis

The antibody titers in experimentally infected hamsters and in naturally infected humans with schistosomiasis were determined with IFAT and dot-ELISA. The infection intensity was measured directly in the hamsters by counting the worms collected after perfusion and indirectly in humans by counting the eggs in stool or in urine. Generally, the antibody titers reflected the intensity of infection

prevalence of toxoplasma GONDII antibodies among cats from Mahalla El-Kobra, Gharbia Governorate

Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were detected using indirect haemaggulination [IHA] and indirect fluorescent antibody [IFA] tests. Positive reactions were detected among 18.5% and 12.5% of stray [92] and owned cats [32] using IHA-test respectively. With IFA-test antibodies were 20.7% and 15.6% respectively