Association of serum P1NP [N-terminal propeptide of type1 collagen] and bone mineral density [BMD] in osteoporosis

Objective: To access the variation of P1NP levels in normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic females and to study its correlation of with BMD in pre and post-menopausal women at hip and spine. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Ziauddin Hospital, Clifton Campus, Karachi during Jan to Dec 2017

Material and Methods: A sample of 267 randomly selected females that fulfilled the exclusion and inclusion criteria were included in the study. BMD was assessed by DEXA Scan while P1NP levels were measured using electrochemilluminescnet technique using Roche Cobas analyzer at Ziauddin hospital Karachi. Elecsys 2010, Modular analytics E170 Cobas e immunoassay analyzer. Data was collected using a self-designed Questionnaire. ANOVA was applied to compare mean differences of P1NP levels in pre and post-menopausal women in normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic groups. Regression analysis was used to determine association between P1NP level and BMD levels at spine and hip

Results: A significant negative correlation was found between P1NP and BMD at both the sites, while a strong association was established in P1NP and BMD spine, while for hip bone this association was non significant

Conclusions: Our study concludes that P1NP is a reliable biomarker for prediction of bone density of spine and is negatively correlated with the density

Effect of starch 1500 as a binder and disintegrant in lamivudine tablets prepared by high shear wet granulation

High shear wet granulation is a preferred manufacturing method of tablets. It allowed for rapid production of compressible granulations. The resultant granulation characteristics depend on a combination of formulation properties and processing parameters. Fully pregelatinized starches are currently being used as binders in wet granulated formulations. But due to the gelatinization, much of the disintegration properties are lost. Partially pregelatinized starches [Starch 1500] have a mixture of properties of both native and fully gelatinized starches; made them useful as both a binder and a disintegrant in wet granulated formulations. Starch 1500 performed as an excellent binder producing a granulation that was compressible and produced Lamivudine tablets of improved hardness and friability compared with those prepared with povidone. The formulation of Lamivudine tablets with Starch 1500 exceeded the disintegration and dissolution performance of the povidone formulation that utilized a super disintegrant. High shear wet granulation is also well suited for the use of partially pregelatinized starches

Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of atenolol and amlodipine in pharmaceutical-dosage form

A simple, rapid and precise method is developed for the quantitative simultaneous determination of atenolol and amlodipine in a combined pharmaceutical-dosage form. The method is based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography [HPLC] on a reversed-phase column, shim-pack CLC, ODS [CIS], 4.6 mm x 25 cm and 0.5 micro m, using a mobile phase of ammonium acetate buffer [the pH was adjusted to 4.5 +/- 0.05 with glacial acetic acid], acetonitrile and methanol [35:30:35 v/v]. The buffer used in the mobile phase contains ammonium acetate in double-distilled water. The chromatographic conditions are- flow rate of 1.5ml/min, column temperature at 40°C and detector wavelength of 237 nm. Both the drugs were well resolved on the stationary phase and the retention times were around 1.5 minute for atenolol and 3.4 minute for amlodipine. The method was validated and shown to be linear for atenolol and amlodipine. The correlation coefficients for atenolol and amlodipine are 0.999963 and 0.999979, respectively. The relative standard deviations for six replicate measurements in two sets of each drug in the tablets is always less than 2% and mean% error of active recovery not more than +/- 1.5%. The method was validated for precision and accuracy. The proposed method was successfully applied to the pharmaceutical dosage forms containing the above-mentioned drug combination without any interference by the excipients

Brine shrimp lethality bioassay of three terpenes isolated from the bark of zanthoxylum budrunga wall: acytotoxic evaluation of plant bioachoe principles

The cytotoxic activity of free terpenes isolated from the bark of Zanthoxylum budrunga Wall, used in folk medicine in Bangladesh, was evaluated by Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay. The LC [90] values of ZB-1, ZB-2 and ZB-3 were found to be 11.49, 19.99 and 13.19 microgl ml, respectively and the LC [90] values were found to be 49.24, 52.77 and 49.23 micro g/ml, respectively