RESUMO
Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze masticatory characteristics in children from 7 to 10 years, and to compare these characteristics among normal weight, overweight and obese children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in northeast Brazil, with a sample of 160 children, aged 7 to 10 years. The authors evaluated: nutritional and dental status; food intake; masticatory parameters and orofacial myofunctional characteristics. The children were divided according to nutritional status into normal weight (n = 101), overweight (n = 33) and obesity (n = 26) groups. Results: The results showed that Obese children had a larger bite size (g) (median = 6.0, Q1-Q3 = 4.0-9.0, p = 0.049) and performed fewer masticatory sequences (median = 3.0, Q1-Q3 = 2.0-3.2, p = 0.024) than children with normal weight (median = 5.0, Q1-Q3 = 4.0-7.0; median = 4.0, Q1-Q3 = 3.0-5.0). Furthermore, obese children finished feeding in a shorter time (s) (median = 62.5, Q1-Q3 = 50.5-70.0, p = 0.039) than normal weight children (median = 66.0, Q1-Q3 = 56.5-78.0) and overweight children (median = 66.0, Q1-Q3 = 58.0-81.5). Conclusions: The present results suggest that obese children present changes in mastication, evidenced by larger bite-size, performing fewer masticatory sequences and rapid mastication, which may contribute to increased food consumption and the development of excess weight.
RESUMO
Active play can contribute to the reduction of sedentary time and generate potential benefits for the performance of fundamental motor skills in children. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to provide a synthesis of evidence on the contributions of active play to fundamental motor skills in children aged 2 to 5 years typically developed, as well as to verify the differences between the intervention protocols used in the studies. The studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Web of Science and Lilacs databases. Clinical trials available in English, conducted in typically developing children, were included, and studies with the theme of electronic games were excluded. Two independent researchers examined the studies and conducted data extraction. Eight articles were included in the systematic review; three identified that children who experienced interventions with free active play had better performance in handling and balance skills. Four studies identified that children who practiced guided active play had better performance in locomotion, manipulation and balance skills, one study found no significant difference. We concluded that the practice of active play, especially guided active play, positively contributes to the fundamental motor skills of children aged 3 to 5 years typically developed. (AU)
Brincadeiras ativas podem contribuir para redução do tempo sedentário e gerar potenciais benefícios para o desempenho das habilidades motoras fundamentais em crianças. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi fornecer uma síntese das evidências sobre as contribuições do brincar ativo para a habilidades motoras fundamentais em crianças de 2 a 5 anos tipicamente desenvolvidas, bem como verificar as diferenças entre os protocolos de intervenção utilizados nos estudos. Os estudos foram identificados por meio de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science e Lilacs. Foram incluídos os ensaios clínicos disponíveis em inglês, realizados em crianças com desenvolvimento típico, e excluídos os estudos com a temática de jogos eletrônicos. Dois pesquisadores independentes examinaram os estudos e conduziram a extração de dados. Oito artigos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática; três identificaram que as crianças que vivenciaram intervenções com brincadeira ativa livre tiveram melhor desempenho nas habilidades de manuseio e equilíbrio. Quatro estudos identificaram que crianças que praticavam brincadeiras ativas orientadas tinham melhor desempenho nas habilidades de locomoção, manipulação e equilíbrio, um estudo não encontrou diferença significativa. Concluímos que a prática da brincadeira ativa, especialmente a orientada, contribui positivamente para o desempenho das habilidades motoras fundamentais de crianças de 3 a 5 anos tipicamente desenvolvidas. (AU)