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1.
West Indian med. j ; 62(2): 145-148, Feb. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045607

RESUMO

Implantology has been an important component of dental management for over forty years, and during that period, many configurations of implant materials and methods have been developed. As empirical and clinical research yield new implant materials, there has been need to test and compare these materials to provide the most cost-effective and efficient implants. Evaluation of efficiency of implants has relied heavily on histological and radiological methods, but these one-dimensional measurement methods fail to evaluate the osteoblastic activity and osseointegration properties of putative implants. In this report, we describe the use of a quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as a tool for comparing the osseointegrating capabilities of two types of implants.


La implantología ha sido un componente importante del tratamiento odontológico durante más de cuarenta años, y durante ese período, se han desarrollado muchas configuraciones de materiales y métodos de implante. A medida que la investigación empírica y clínica proporciona nuevos materiales de implante, ha surgido la necesidad de probar y comparar estos materiales para lograr que los implantes sean lo más costo-efectivos y eficientes posible. La evaluación de la eficiencia de los implantes ha dependido considerablemente de los métodos histológicos y radiológicos, pero estos métodos de medición unidimensional no son útiles a la hora de evaluar la actividad osteoblástica y las propiedades osteointegradoras de los implantes putativos. En este reporte, describimos el uso de la tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotones individuales (SPECT) como herramienta para comparar las capacidades osteointegradoras de dos tipos de implantes.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Osteoblastos , Implantes Dentários , Osseointegração/fisiologia , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Suínos , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Modelos Animais
2.
West Indian med. j ; 61(9): 916-920, Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-694366

RESUMO

This paper aims to affirm various new applications of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technique by utilizing the pig's models. Evaluation and subsequent analysis of SPECT results was conducted on the jaws of eight experimental pigs with a total of 16 areas of interest. The various reasons for which each experiment was conducted were evaluated and these reasons include: i) validation of a new bone grafting technique for closure of oro-antral communications, ii) comparison of autogeneous bone graft with other bone grafts, iii) sequential confirmation of osteoblastic activity of the sandwich bone regeneration technique with another technique, iv) validation of the use of a new membrane for guided tissue regeneration (GTR), v) validation of the fact that osseointegration is better with beaded implants than with threaded implants, and vi) validation of the fact that GTR is essential for immediate implant practice. The outcome of this evaluation is critically analysed against the background of the substantial clinical evidence where applicable, so as to appreciate the position of SPECT. Following the evaluation of 16 areas of interest in eight experimental pigs, it was shown that experimental SPECT was valuable in the validation of the above reasons. It appears to be a modality that can continuously be utilized to validate and compare situations which would display osteoblastic activities. It is concluded that the bone scintigraphy imaging technique accurately reflects osteoblastic activities and can now be used to validate osseointegration of any implant or bone-grafting system. This can be done in conjunction with histological and histomorphometic analysis and such results obtained from SPECT should be correlated with the histological and histomorphometric analysis if available.


El presente trabajo tiene por objeto dar a conocer varias nuevas aplicaciones de la técnica de la tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotones individuales (inglés SPECT), utilizando modelos de cerdo. Se llevó a cabo una evaluación y el posterior análisis de los resultados de la SPECT en relación con las mandíbulas de ocho cerdos experimentales con un total de 16 áreas de interés. Se evaluaron las varias razones por las que se llevó a cabo cada experimento. Las razones incluyen: i) validación de una nueva técnica de injerto óseo para el cierre de las comunicaciones oroantrales; ii) comparación del injerto óseo autógeno con otros injertos óseos; iii) confirmación secuencial de la actividad osteoblástica de la técnica de regeneración ósea por "sándwich" o membrana inter-posicional con otra técnica; iv) validación del uso de una nueva membrana para la regeneración tisular guiada (RTG); v) validación del hecho que la osteointegración es mejor con implantes porosos que con implantes roscados; y vi) valoración del hecho de que la RTG es esencial para la práctica del implante inmediato. El resultado de esta evaluación se analiza críticamente contra el trasfondo de la evidencia clínica sustancial donde es aplicable, para apreciar la posición de SPECT. Tras la evaluación de 16 áreas de interés en ocho cerdos experimentales, se vio que la SPECT experimental era valiosa para la validación de las razones anteriores. Parece ser una modalidad que puede utilizarse para validar y comparar situaciones que desplegarían actividades osteoblásticas. Se concluye que la gammagrafía ósea refleja las actividades osteoblásticas con precisión, y puede ahora usarse para validar la osteointegración de cualquier implante o sistema de injerto óseo. Esto puede hacerse junto con análisis histológicos y análisis histomorfométicos. Los resultados obtenidos de la tomografía SPECT deben ponerse en correlación con el análisis histológico e histomorfométrico, si estuviese disponible.


Assuntos
Animais , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Osso e Ossos , Mandíbula/fisiologia , Mandíbula , Osseointegração/fisiologia , Osteoblastos/fisiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , Implantes Absorvíveis , Substitutos Ósseos , Transplante Ósseo , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada , Mandíbula/fisiopatologia , Minerais , Próteses e Implantes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Suínos
3.
West Indian med. j ; 57(5): 500-507, Nov. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-672408

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To utilize single photon emission computerized tomography performed in sequence to determine the osseo-integrating capabilities and osteoblastic activities of a new bone regeneration technique called the membrane - sandwich technique (Ogunsalu sandwich bone regenerating technique) and to compare the quality and quantity of bone formed by this bone regeneration unit to bone regeneration obtained by using the same particulate bone grafting material covered with interceed® (another type of bio-resorbable membrane). DESIGN AND METHOD: Single photon emission computerized tomography bone imaging was performed in sequence on the mandible of a total of 6 pigs on both the right and left side (total of 12 sites) at two and a half hours following the injection of technetium 99m methylene diphosphate. Imaging was performed using a Siemen Orbitar II gamma camera. The projection data was acquired in a 128 x 128 matrix over 180 arc and SPECT reconstruction was performed using a filtered back projector method with a Shepp-Logan Hanning filter and a cut-off frequency of 0.4. The surgical defect on one side of the jaw was treated with the sandwich unit with Bio-oss particulate bone within it, while the other side contained the same quantity of Bio-oss as in the left side but just covered with interceed® membrane. The osteoblastic uptake on the side with the classical sandwich was compared to the side with the particulate bone covered with interceed® membrane for dynamic physiological activities. The average activity for both sides was calculated and compared. RESULT: For all the 12 sites, osteoblastic activities were recorded and indicated that vascularized bone was formed at all the experimental sites. Autogenous bone graft was confirmed to be superior to xenograft using this sandwich technique. Furthermore, the osteoblastic activities on the sandwich side were seen to be more when compared with the control side (Interceed® side). CONCLUSION: The Ogunsalu sandwich bone regeneration technique has been successfully evaluated with SPECT which shows osteoblastic activity with formation of vascularized bone which integrates with the surrounding bone.


OBJETIVOS: Utilizar la tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón único (TCEFU) realizada en secuencia, a fin de determinar la capacidad óseo-integradora y las actividades osteoblásticas de una nueva técnica de regeneración del hueso, denominada técnica de membrana-sándwich, y comparar la calidad y cantidad de hueso formado por esta unidad de regeneración ósea con la regeneración ósea obtenida mediante el mismo material de injerto de hueso particulado cubierto con interceed® (otro tipo de membrana bioreabsorbible). DISEÑO Y MÉTODO: Mediante TCEFU, se realizó un estudio de imágenes óseas en secuencia, de la mandíbula de un total de 6 cerdos, a los lados izquierdo y derecho (un total de 12 sitios) a las dos horas y media, luego de una inyección de difosfato de metileno marcado con tecnecio 99 m. El examen de imágenes fue realizado usando una cámara gamma Siemens Orbiter tipo II. Los datos de la proyección fueron adquiridos en una matriz de 128 x 128 sobre un arco de 180 y la reconstrucción con TCEFU se realizó usando un método de retroproyección filtrada, con un filtro Shepp-Logan-Hanning y una frecuencia de corte de 0.4. El defecto quirúrgico en un lado de la mandíbula fue tratado con la unidad de sándwich con hueso particulado bio-oss dentro, mientras que el otro lado contenía la misma cantidad de Bio-oss del lado izquierdo, pero cubierto con una membrana de interceed®. La respuesta osteoblástica en el lado con el sándwich clásico fue comparada con el lado del hueso particulado cubierto con la membrana de interceed® en cuanto a actividades fisiológicas dinámicas. La actividad promedio de ambos lados fue calculada y comparada. RESULTADO: En los 12 sitios, las actividades osteoblásticas fueron registradas de forma indicando que se formó hueso vascularizado en todos los sitios experimentales. Se confirmó que el injerto óseo autógeno es superior al xenoinjerto que usa esta técnica de sándwich. Además, se observó que las actividades osteoblásticas en el lado del sándwich eran más en comparación con el lado control (lado del interceed®). CONCLUSIÓN: La técnica de Ogunsalu para la regeneración ósea por "sándwich" o membrana inter-posicional, ha sido exitosamente evaluada mediante TCEFU, concluyéndose que la misma consiste en la actividad osteoblástica con formación de hueso vascularizado que se integra al hueso circundante.


Assuntos
Animais , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Mandíbula/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Mandíbula/citologia , Suínos , Transplante Autólogo , Transplante Heterólogo
4.
West Indian med. j ; 57(2): 166-172, Mar. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-672327

RESUMO

Various bone regeneration techniques have evolved recently but controversies regarding vascularization and integration of such bone grafting techniques have led occasionally to animal experiment to validate such techniques. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evidence of vascularization and osseo-integration of a new bone regeneration technique utilized for the closure of oro-antral communication (OAC) by an experimental model in which Single Photon Emission computerized Tomography and histological studies were conducted in pigs. We conclude that the sandwich technique used for the closure of OAC results in a vascularized new bone formation which eventually osseo-integrate with the surrounding bone. Also, this experimental study confirmed that autogeneous bone graft was superior to xenografts when used within the sandwich unit.


Varias técnicas de regeneración de huesos han sido desarrolladas recientemente, pero las controversias con respecto a la vascularización e integración de tales técnicas de injerto de hueso han llevado de vez en cuando a la experimentación con animales, a fin de validar estas técnicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la evidencia de vascularización e integración ósea de una nueva técnica de regeneración de hueso utilizada para el cierre de la comunicación oro-antral (COA), mediante un modelo experimental en el que se practicó la tomografía computarizada mediante emisión de fotones simples y se realizaron estudios histológicos en cerdos. Concluimos que la técnica de sándwich usada para el cierre de COA da lugar a una formación ósea vascularizada que acaba produciendo una oseointegración con el hueso circundante. Asimismo, este estudio experimental confirmó que el injerto óseo antólogo es superior a los xenoinjertos cuando se usa dentro de la unidad de sándwich.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada Periodontal/métodos , Fístula Bucoantral/cirurgia , Periósteo/fisiologia , Transplante Ósseo/instrumentação , Osseointegração , Osteoblastos/fisiologia , Periósteo/irrigação sanguínea , Periósteo , Sus scrofa , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único
5.
West Indian med. j ; 52(2): 136-139, Jun. 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-410776

RESUMO

Ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), venography, lymphoscinti-graphy (LS) and contrast lymphography are frequently utilized in the evaluation of lower limb oedema but no clinical data from the Caribbean have been published on the role of LS despite its well-recognized clinical application. The successful clinical application of CT, colour doppler sonography and MRI in differentiating the various causes of lower limb oedema is well understood. Lymphoscintigraphy has found less acceptability especially in the Caribbean where nuclear imaging techniques are only now currently being developed. This paper describes the initial experience with this technique in 15 patients over a five-year period and discusses its value when lower limb lymphoedema is suspected. Scintigrams were analyzed for visualization of lymph vessels and lymph nodes, dilatation of lymphatic vessels, collaterals and dermal back flow. Lymphoscintigrams were classified as normal (n = 5) or consistent with lymphoedema (n = 10). Failure to visualize lymphatic vessels occurred in two cases of suspected primary lymphoedema. In the remaining eight cases of secondary lymphoedema, a positive study based on altered lymphatic flow and anatomy was recorded. An alternative explanation was offered in three out of five cases in which a normal lymphoscintigram was obtained


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Edema , Linfedema , Estudos de Amostragem , Cintilografia/economia , Cintilografia/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudo de Avaliação , Extremidade Inferior , Redução de Custos , Região do Caribe , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
6.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2001 Dec; 38(6): 393-8
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-27644

RESUMO

Expression levels of five mouse casein genes were analysed in the mammary gland of virgin, pregnant and lactating mice. We have already shown that the five murine casein genes are arranged in the order, alpha-beta-gamma-epsilon-kappa in a tandem array, very close to each other in a 250 kb DNA fragment of mouse genome. Northern blot analysis showed that, of the calcium-sensitive casein genes, the epsilon casein gene is expressed only during lactation unlike the alpha, beta and gamma casein genes which are expressed during pregnancy and lactation. Even though the alpha, beta and gamma genes exhibited a co-ordinated expression pattern from mid to the later stages of pregnancy, the mRNA levels varied considerably (60, 90 and 100% respectively) by the onset of lactation. The mRNA level of the calcium-insensitive kappa casein gene increased from mid-pregnancy but at a lower rate and reached approximately 60% by the first day of lactation. Considering the locations and closeness of the casein genes, a non-coordinate expression profile is exhibited by the mouse casein genes, particularly the epsilon casein gene.


Assuntos
Animais , Northern Blotting , Caseínas/genética , DNA Complementar , Feminino , Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Lactação/genética , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/metabolismo , Camundongos , Gravidez , RNA/isolamento & purificação , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo
7.
West Indian med. j ; 49(4): 298-301, Dec. 2000.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-333439

RESUMO

This paper describes the experience with 99m Technetium labelled red blood cell (99mTc RBC) scintigraphy in twenty-two patients presenting with acute gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding. Studies were positive in thirteen cases--eight from the lower GI tract and five from the upper. The data from surgical intervention were available in ten cases. Scintigraphy cannot diagnose the cause of GI bleeding, as it is a nonspecific study. Its usefulness lies in its ability to accurately diagnose the bleeding site, as was shown in this study where there was good surgical correlation. The simplicity, reproducibility and reliability of the technique, particularly when bleeding rates are low and intermittent, make it, in our view, the first line of investigation in any patient with suspected bleeding from the colon or upper GI tract if endoscopic evaluation is not possible in the latter. Its current under-utilisation in the Caribbean may be a reflection of the lack of nuclear imaging facilities.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cintilografia , Eritrócitos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tecnécio , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Doença Aguda
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