Ortner's syndrome

Inferior laryngeal nerve palsy is a relatively common entity. Nevertheless, an occurrence as a result of a cardiovascular pathology is rare. In this case, it is called Ortner's syndrome (OS). Aortic diseases are responsible for more than half of cases. Supraaortic vessels disorders are rare causes of OS. In our new report, a non-smoker and non-drinker 70-year-old woman presented with a history of dysphonia since childhood. On direct laryngoscopy, a left vocal cord paralysis was detected and a contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed an aberrant right subclavian artery originating from the left portion of the aortic arch. Its course to its usual site runs behind the esophagus, being also called arteria lusoria. In this particular case, two unusual situations appear together, which contributes to the rarity of the event.(AU)

Comprometimento pulmonar grave em paciente com associação entre diagnóstico de malária e HIV: relato de caso / Severe pulmonary involvement in a patient with associated malaria and HIV: a case report

A associação entre Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) e Malária é um evento de grande repercussão clínica. A grande importância de tal concomitância de diagnósticos dá-se por sua associação negativa, na qual se observa risco aumentado de infecção por malária em pacientes com HIV e o aumento de replicação viral nesses pacientes em decorrência da coinfecção pela malária. Os achados radiológicos incluem infiltrado intersticial ou alveolar, localizado preferencialmente nas regiões peri-hilares e em bases pulmonares, que pode ser associado a derrame pleural. O caso relatado é de um homem de 40 anos, branco, previamente hígido, que interna por quadro de febre, mialgia difusa e fadiga, após viagem de turismo ao continente africano. Em investigação laboratorial inicial, apresenta hemoconcentração e plaquetopenia importante. No decorrer da internação, tem diagnóstico de malária (demonstração do parasita no esfregaço sanguíneo) e inicia tratamento específico. Solicitou-se sorologia para HIV, a qual se apresentou positiva. O paciente evolui com febre ictero-hemorrágica, confusão mental, vômitos, insuficiência ventilatória e insuficiência renal aguda, sendo transferido para Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Comprovou-se comprometimento pulmonar grave através da realização de Tomografia Computadorizada de Tórax de Alta Resolução, que evidenciou espessamento de septos interlobulares e de bainhas peribroncovasculares, com áreas esparsas de atenuação em vidro fosco e de consolidações, além de evidência de derrame pleural. Conclui-se que padrão de comprometimento radiológico do paciente foi compatível com os relatos já descritos pela literatura, o que corrobora para unificação de apresentação do quadro nos exames de imagem (AU)

The association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria is an event of great clinical repercussion. The great importance of such concomitance of diagnoses is due to its negative association, where there is an increased risk of malaria infection in patients with HIV and increased viral replication in these patients due to malaria co-infection. Radiological findings include interstitial or alveolar infiltrate, preferably located in the peri-hilar regions and at the lung bases, which may be associated with pleural effusion. The case reported here is of a white 40-year-old man, previously healthy, who was hospitalized for fever, diffuse myalgia and fatigue after a trip to the African continent. In initial laboratory investigation, he presented hemoconcentration and important thrombocytopenia. During the hospitalization, malaria was diagnosed (demonstration of the parasite in the blood smear) and specific treatment was initiated. HIV serology was requested and positive. As the patient progressed with icterohemorrhagic fever, mental confusion, vomiting, ventilatory failure and acute renal failure, he was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit. Severe pulmonary involvement was confirmed by high-resolution computed tomography, which showed thickening of interlobular septa and peribroncovascular sheaths, with sparse areas of ground-glass attenuation and consolidations, as well as evidence of pleural effusion. It was concluded that the patient's radiological involvement pattern was consistent with the reports already described in the literature, which corroborates the unification of the presentation of the picture in the imaging tests (AU)