Technological study for obtaining an appropriate extract from Stellera Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Background@#Infections in respiratory systems have spread throughout the world without any restrictions including living places, public issues, and lifestyle. Three main causes of illnesses for the population of cities and rural areas were gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. After investigated some medicinal herbs including <i>Stelleria Chamaejasme</i> L. and <i>Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa</i>, it has been reported that they had antiinflammatory, analgesic, and wound healing effects. Lozenge formulation has some advantages for treatment application, such as easily absorbed, good bioavailability and ability of diminishing stomach irritation. In this study, we aimed to obtain a suitable extract from <i>Stelleria Chamaejasme</i> L. and <i>Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa</i> for further lozenge formulation.@*Purpose@#To obtain a suitable extract from <i>Stelleria Chamaejasme</i> L. and <i>Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa</i>, and to conduct qualitative and quantitative studies for some biologically active substances@*Materials and methods@#In this study, an aerial part of <i>Stelleria Chamaejasme</i> L. and <i>Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa</i> were used, and the study was conducted in MUPS. For obtaining a suitable extract, the raw materials were extracted by remaceration, repercolation and circulation methods in 20% and 70% of ethanol and distilled water. The flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds in the extracts were determined by thin layer chromatography. Quantitative analysis for total flavonoids was performed by spectrophotometer.@*Results@#According to the result, a yellow spot-on chromatogram was detected in extracted raw materials (<i>Stelleria Chamaejasme</i> L. and <i>Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa</i>), indicating that flavonoid contained in the extracted solution.</br> The result was compared to standards of rutin (Rf=0.2) and quercetin (Rf= 0.94). Also, a black, blue spot-on chromatogram was detected in extracted raw materials (<i>Stelleria Chamaejasme</i> L. and <i>Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa</i>), indicating that polyphenols contained in the extracted solution. The spots were compared to gallic acid as a standard substance. In the quantitative assay of total flavonoids in raw materials, black-green precipitation was revealed after procedure. From this result, remaceration and circulation techniques were suitable to extract the raw materials. Flavonoid content was 3.35±0.04% after using remaceration technique, which indicated that it was more suitable to extract the raw materials.@*Conclusions@#These results showed that the appropriate extracting solution for <i>Stelleria Chamaejasme</i> L. and <i>Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa</i> was 70% of ethanol. In this case, 3.35±0.04% of flavonoid was extracted by remaceration technique.

Review article good manufacturing practices (GМР) / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Abstract@#A model document of World Health Organization for good manufacturing practices was primarily adopted by some consultants in the field of pharmacy in accordance with the deci- sion of the Twentieth World Health Assembly in 1967. Subsequently, the model document for good manufacturing practices was accepted with the title “Draft requirements for good manufacturing practice in the manufacture and quality control of medicines and pharmaceutical specialties” in the Twenty-First World Health Assembly.</br> In this review, good manufacturing practices adopted in Mongolia has been compared to those of the United States of America, Peoples Republic of China, Thailand, Indonesia and Cambodia. According to the comparison, the requirements in the good manufacturing practices of Mongolia, including specialists, building, equipment, hygiene, raw materials, documentation, validation, product recall and quality control, have been considered to be similar with those of the countries.

Technological study of throat lozenge / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

@#In modern days, a phytogenic medicinal form of throat lozenges has been widely used to treat upper respiratory illnesses such as cough, flu and sore throat. </br> A medicinal form of lozenge is prepared to have pleasant taste to use for consumers and it takes up a leading position in pharmaceutical market due to its several advantages. For instance, the throat lozenge directly influences on oral mucosa and acts partially and generally, increases bioavailability of active substances, and reduces gastric irritation. Moreover, it is suitable for use and it doesn’t pass through liver. In addition, it is easy to manufacture and store. The throat lozenge formulation produces mainly a partial therapeutic due to the additives of various active substances.</br> Researchers consider that this medicinal form of lozenges is prosperous in pharmaceutical industry and market in near future. Herbal drugs are used as main therapeutic agents for many diseases due to its market demand. There are many imported herbal drugs used in Mongolian pharmaceutical market, such as Koflet, Koflet-N, Dr. Mom, Woods, Timiar, and Linkas. Therefore, it is necessary to study the possibility and prospect of import substitution industrialization in our home country.</br> We have conducted a research develop a throat lozenge formulation technology using medicinal herbs with high-therapeutic value for sore throat treatment. Ural licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fish), Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb, and Ginger (Kaempferia galangal) were used in this drug formulation due to their therapeutic effects such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anti-inflammation. </br> The technological phases to prepare throat lozenge were developed on the basis of method by Suchitra Pundir and Abhay Murari Lal Verma, the scientists at the Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Technology, Indian University Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Study of manufacturing technology of tablet formulation from Mana-4 / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Abstract@#Mana-4, an herbal medicine, had been used to treat incomplete-mannered and infection-caused hot disease in Mongolian traditional medicine. It has already reported that Mana-4 acts as an anti-inflammation agent, an activator of T and B cells, an immune-modulator and an inducer of cellular proliferation. Moreover, it enhances the immune system and energy level of human body. It was confirmed that the main active compounds in Mana-4 are inulin and total flavonoids which are effective for many diseases. Drug formulation types are very important to delivery the drugs to the targeted tissues and organs without loss of active ingredients. Total flavonoids in the extract of Mana-4 and granulated Mana-4 was qualitatively evaluated by TLC and yellow-brown spots (Rf was 0.4) were found on TLC plates, indicating that the preparations contained flavonoids. Also, it confirmed that the appropriate extractor of total flavonoids from Mana-4 was 70% of ethanol. In conclusion, the tablet formulation from Mana-4 was successfully prepared and the quality requirements was allowable.

ENDOMETRIOSIS – CLINICAL PRESENTATION, PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF IMMUNOLOGIC AND CYTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Endometriosis is described as a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by endometrial-like tissue, found outside the uterine cavity which cause chronic pelvic pain, infertility,dysmenorrhea. The prevalence of endometriosis is difficult to determine accurately but in asymptomatic women, the prevalence of endometriosis ranges from 2- 22 %, depending on the population studied , in infertile women 20-50 % and in those with pelvic pain, between 40-50% (Balasch, 1996; Eskenazi, 2001; Meuleman, 2009).Endometriosis is found 7-10% of reproductive agewomen and 20-90% in with chronic pelvic pain, infertility cases. Pathogenesis of endometriosis is not yet fully understood but one potential cause of the disease is retrograde menstruation which results in the deposition of endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity. Today a composite theory of retrograde menstruation with implantation of endometrial fragments in conjunction with peritoneal factors to stimulate cell growth is the most widely accepted explanation for peritoneal endometriosis. Susceptibility to endometriosis is thought to depend on the complex interaction of genetic, immunologic, hormonal and environmental factors. To determine prevalence and severity of clinical symptoms, compare meta-analysis to changes the clinical value of serum CA-125 and peritoneal fluid cytology in women with endometriosis of Ulaanbaatar city. We had selected total of 60 woman with endometriosis which were registered from January to December 2014 in gynecologic clinic of First Maternity Hospital. The research group registered in questionnaire with 28 questions. During the inspection laboratory analysis of serum CA-125, ultrasound analysis and peritoneal fluid cytology were done. Assessment of pelvic pain by means of a 10-point linear analog scale / pain score/ which provided by International Pain Association. The research result was worked out by prospective method. Average age of patients 33.4±8.9. Pain location: Chronic pelvic pain 30%; Dysmenorrhea 28.3%; Dysparunea 10%; Pain during defecation 6,7%; Without pain -25%. Average level of Serum СА125 was 38.13±20.6. Location of endometriosis: adenomyosis - 8.4%, endometrioma-15% endometriotic lesion at cul de suc 68.3%, rectal involment 1.7%, tubal lesion-3.3%, combined 3,3%. 76.7% of surgery for endometriosis have done by laparoscopy and 23.3% by laparotomy. Ultrasound examination result: endometrioma d=0-2cm-1.7%, d= 3-5cm-36.2%, d=6-8cm-10.3%, d=9cm<-12.1%. Cytology result: Peritoneal fluid contains 75% of erythrocytes, mesothelial cells and it needs to further study.CONCLUSION:Most of patient /58.3%/ had chronic pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. The severity of pain was significantly improved after operative laparoscopy. /p<0.05%/51,7% of patient had infertility problem.Value of serum CA-125 was higher in study group with large sized and not clear content ovarian endometrioma by ultrasound examination. /p<0.05%/The local environment of peritoneal fluid surrounding the endometriotic implant is immunologically dynamic and links the reproductive and immune systems. Peritoneal factors to stimulate cell growth is the most widely accepted explanation for peritoneal endometriosis. Peritoneal fluid contains a variety of free floating cells, including macrophages, mesothelial cells, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, eosinophils and mast cells. In our cytology results: peritoneal fluid contains 75% of erythrocytes, mesothelial cells.