RESUMO
Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y aplicar una estrategia educativa sobre cuidados del RN en el hogar, con los componentes: contacto piel a piel, posición canguro, lactancia materna exclusiva, temperatura ideal y oxigenación ideal. Permitiendo identificar conocimientos y capacidades para cuidar a sus hijos. Se evidenció la necesidad de empoderar a las madres para que ofrecieran el cuidado a sus hijos en el hogar por medio de la Teoría de Mediano Rango de Kristen Swanson. Materiales y Métodos: Se diseñó y aplicó un formato de evaluación sobre conocimientos de componentes del PMC, a diez madres. Se realizó la intervención educativa, en varios etapas con demostraciones prácticas en talleres; detección de vacíos conceptuales y acompañamiento con intervenciones personalizadas. Resultados: Se encontró falta de conocimiento sobre los ítems básicos de posición del niño, contacto piel a piel, alimentación, manejo del oxígeno, evaluación de la temperatura y respiración, signos de alarma y beneficios del PMC. Se detectaron factores culturales y del sistema de salud como obstáculos para que las mamás asumieran compromisos para con el cuidado de los bebés. Discusión: El correcto desarrollo del PMC ambulatorio debe iniciar partiendo del diagnóstico de necesidades educativas relacionadas con el cuidado materno perinatal. El apoyo del profesional de enfermería, es fundamental para que las madres tengan seguridad y autonomía dentro del domicilio. Conclusión: El diseño de la estrategia educativa debe ser flexible, disponer de recursos humanos dedicados a capacitación individualizada, visitas de monitoreo y evaluación familiar, ya que contribuyen a afianzar el apoyo, disipar dudas, temores y en la correcta aplicación de las actividades prácticas del PMC.
Introduction: The Objective of this study was to make and to apply an educational strategy aimed at users of PMC mothers at the Hospital San Rafael in Tunja, about RN-care at home, according to the components: skin-to-skin, kangaroo position, exclusive breastfeeding, perfect temperature and perfect oxygenation. The mothers degree of compliance was taken into account, allowing to identify with a semi structured interview, the level of knowledge and skills that they had to care their preterm infants. Finally, we evaluated the level of knowledge and skills acquired by the mothers after receiving the training. Also we evidenced the need to empower mothers to care their children at home watching the Kangaroo Mother Program components through the Medium-Range Theory Kristen Swanson. Materials and Methods: We anticipated an experience that included the design and application of an evaluation form about knowledge of Kangaroo Mother Program components, PMC, to ten mothers, through semi structured interview; evaluation and observation in PMC techniques to determine the level of ability to children care at home. Educational intervention was performed in several stages: Training Group Activities about theoretical concepts, practical demonstrations in participatory workshops, semi-structured interviews, and conceptual gap detection was performed with accompaniment personalized interventions focused on motivation, reinforcement and retraining in the theoretical and practical PMC components. Results: The lack of structured knowledge on basic items child's position, skin to skin contact, food, oxygen management, evaluation of temperature and respiration, warning signs and benefits of PMC. All mothers met the PMC and its importance for child care but seven continued to feel fear to take the baby to home especially with oxygen. Cultural factors were detected and the health system was constituted obstacles for moms to make commitments for the care of babies. Discussion: The Kangaroo Mother Program in Hospital San Rafael in Tunja is considered viable because it is a strategy that meets the needs of population, and involves aspects of management commitment Breastfeeding Program, Programs Strategies to reduce infant mortality, and the accreditation of the Neonatology Service. Also reaffirms its viability to transcend in decreased readmissions, and long term, the decrease in neonatal mortality. The proper development of outpatient PMC should start based on the actual diagnosis related educational needs perinatal maternal care. The support of nurses to the mother in making decisions, it is essential for them to have security to develop the autonomy that can occur within the home. Conclusion: The design of the educational strategy for training purposes in PMC hospital should be flexible, allowing adjustments according to socioeconomic and cultural conditions, particularly levels of education, mother's age and parity; it was found that these factors influence the security, compliance and continuity of the PMC. The training group activities are effective mothers, but it is necessary to have resources dedicated to individualized training, to monitoring and evaluation visits in the family for feedback, as it helps develop family support, to dispel the doubts, fears, and in the correct application of the practical activities of the PMC.
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Cuidado da Criança , Método Canguru , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo PesoRESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluar la validez de constructo y la confiabilidad de una versión en español del instrumento Cuestionario para Identificación de Trastornos Debidos al Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT). Materiales y métodos: La versión en español del cuestionario AUDIT se aplicó a una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 459 estudiantes universitarios, se evaluó la factorabili-dad mediante las pruebas de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin y de esfericidad de Bartlett. Posteriormente se determinó la consistencia interna y estructura factorial del cuestionario, mediante la estimación del alfa de Cronbach y análisis factorial por el método de extracción de componentes principales. Resultados: el alfa de Cronbach fue 0,769. La extracción exploratoria reveló una estructura unidimensional que explicó el 57,95% de la varianza. Conclusiones: El instrumento AUDIT constituye una herramienta confiable y válida para la detección de problemas referidos al consumo de alcohol en el ámbito clínico; se hace necesario profundizar en el análisis estructural del mismo.
Objective: To assess the construct validity and internal consistency of an Spanish version of the AUDIT questionnaire. Materials and methods: A Spanish version of the AUDIT test was applied to a random-ized stratified sample of 459 University students, it was evaluated the factorability by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and of sphericity of Bartlett tests. Later, we determined the internal consistency and factorial structure, by estimating the Cronbach's alpha and factorial analysis extracting by the principal components method. Results: Cronbach's alpha was 0,769. The exploratory extracting technique revealed and unique dimensional structure of the questionnaire. Conclusions: AUDIT test is a reliable tool for detecting problems associated with alcohol use in the clinical environment; it's necessary to deepen in the structural analysis of the questionnaire.