Relationship between religion and school students' road behavior in southern Iran / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>Unsafe behaviors are an important cause of accidents in adolescent age groups. This study was designed to examine the behaviors of adolescent pedestrians in southern Iran.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This is a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of high school students in Shiraz, capital city of Fars Province, Iran. Five hundred and sixteen students were selected by multi-stage sampling. Data were collected by the use of three questionnaires, which included Persian copies of adolescent road user behavior questionnaire (ARBQ), Duke University Religious Index (DUREL), as well as the context and independent variables questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that a decrease in dangerous behaviors on the road resulted in an increase in respondents' intrinsic religiosity. Also, engagement in unsafe crossing behavior in the road decreased with increasing respondents' intrinsic religiosity. Another finding showed that female students were less involved in dangerous play and planned protective behaviors on the road.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Findings clearly indicate that intrinsic religiosity has a significant role in reducing the risky road behaviors of students. Hence, religion may improve road safety in school students' road behavior in Iran.</p>

Prevalence and risk factors of alcohol and substance abuse among motorcycle drivers in Fars province, Iran / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>The aim of this present study is to investigate the prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse (ASA) and its relationship with other risky driving behaviors among motorcycle drivers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This is a cross sectional study which is performed at Shiraz city of Iran. Data from motorcycle drivers were collected using a standard questionnaire in eight major streets at different times of the day. The data includes consumption of alcohol and other substances two hours before driving and some of the risky behaviors during driving.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 414 drivers with a mean ± SD age of (27.0 ± 9.3) years participated in the study. Alcohol or substance consumptions two hours before driving was significantly associated with risky driving behaviors such as using mobile phone during driving, poor maneuvering, and driving over the speed limit (both p < 0.001). It was also associated with carelessness about safety such as driving with technical defects (p < 0.001) and not wearing a crash helmet (p=0.008).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Screening for alcohol and substance consumption among motorcycle drivers is an efficient way to identify drivers that are at a greater risk for road traffic accidents.</p>

Nine-Month Follow-up Results of Treatment for Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction by Probing with Adjunctive Mitomycin C in Adults: A Prospective Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial / 전남의대학술지

The current study aimed to determine the efficacy of probing with adjunctive mitomycin C (MMC) as a treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in adults and to study the association of probing success with demographic and obstruction characteristics. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial including 140 patients (each with a unilateral NLDO) scheduled for nasolacrimal probing who were randomly assigned to receive MMC (0.2 mg/ml, 70 patients; group A) or placebo (normal saline, 70 patients; group B). Irrigation was carried out with 0.5 cc of MMC (0.2 mg/mL) in the duct with a nasal pack for 10 minutes in group A. Patients' postprobing epiphora was evaluated at 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively. Probing was judged to be a success if there was no or mild watering for at least 9 months after the procedure. There were no significant differences between the two study groups in demographic characteristics or duration of the operation (p=0.062). The overall success rate of probing with MMC was 47/70 (67.1%), which was significantly higher than the success rate of the procedure with placebo (p=0.0027). When the sex of the patients was controlled for by logistic regression, a significant association between the failure rate of probing and increasing age was found in cases and controls (p=0.004 vs. p=0.006, respectively). No significant side effects of probing with MMC were noted after 9 months of follow-up. Administering MMC in a dosage of 0.2 mg/mL during nasolacrimal probing significantly increased the success rate of probing. The failure rate of probing increased with age. A low dose of MMC is cheap, safe, and easily accessible; thus, it is recommended during nasolacrimal probing, especially in patients who refuse dacryocystorhinostomy surgery.

Safety of Epidural Steroid Injection Methods in the Management of Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: Few Comments

No abstract available.

Nine-Month Follow-up Results of Treatment for Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction by Probing with Adjunctive Mitomycin C in Adults: A Prospective Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial / 전남의대학술지

The current study aimed to determine the efficacy of probing with adjunctive mitomycin C (MMC) as a treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in adults and to study the association of probing success with demographic and obstruction characteristics. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial including 140 patients (each with a unilateral NLDO) scheduled for nasolacrimal probing who were randomly assigned to receive MMC (0.2 mg/ml, 70 patients; group A) or placebo (normal saline, 70 patients; group B). Irrigation was carried out with 0.5 cc of MMC (0.2 mg/mL) in the duct with a nasal pack for 10 minutes in group A. Patients' postprobing epiphora was evaluated at 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively. Probing was judged to be a success if there was no or mild watering for at least 9 months after the procedure. There were no significant differences between the two study groups in demographic characteristics or duration of the operation (p=0.062). The overall success rate of probing with MMC was 47/70 (67.1%), which was significantly higher than the success rate of the procedure with placebo (p=0.0027). When the sex of the patients was controlled for by logistic regression, a significant association between the failure rate of probing and increasing age was found in cases and controls (p=0.004 vs. p=0.006, respectively). No significant side effects of probing with MMC were noted after 9 months of follow-up. Administering MMC in a dosage of 0.2 mg/mL during nasolacrimal probing significantly increased the success rate of probing. The failure rate of probing increased with age. A low dose of MMC is cheap, safe, and easily accessible; thus, it is recommended during nasolacrimal probing, especially in patients who refuse dacryocystorhinostomy surgery.

Nine-Month Follow-up Results of Treatment for Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction by Probing with Adjunctive Mitomycin C in Adults: A Prospective Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial / 전남의대학술지

The current study aimed to determine the efficacy of probing with adjunctive mitomycin C (MMC) as a treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in adults and to study the association of probing success with demographic and obstruction characteristics. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial including 140 patients (each with a unilateral NLDO) scheduled for nasolacrimal probing who were randomly assigned to receive MMC (0.2 mg/ml, 70 patients; group A) or placebo (normal saline, 70 patients; group B). Irrigation was carried out with 0.5 cc of MMC (0.2 mg/mL) in the duct with a nasal pack for 10 minutes in group A. Patients' postprobing epiphora was evaluated at 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively. Probing was judged to be a success if there was no or mild watering for at least 9 months after the procedure. There were no significant differences between the two study groups in demographic characteristics or duration of the operation (p=0.062). The overall success rate of probing with MMC was 47/70 (67.1%), which was significantly higher than the success rate of the procedure with placebo (p=0.0027). When the sex of the patients was controlled for by logistic regression, a significant association between the failure rate of probing and increasing age was found in cases and controls (p=0.004 vs. p=0.006, respectively). No significant side effects of probing with MMC were noted after 9 months of follow-up. Administering MMC in a dosage of 0.2 mg/mL during nasolacrimal probing significantly increased the success rate of probing. The failure rate of probing increased with age. A low dose of MMC is cheap, safe, and easily accessible; thus, it is recommended during nasolacrimal probing, especially in patients who refuse dacryocystorhinostomy surgery.

Which Methods of Epidural Steroid Injections Is More Effective in Reducing the Radicular Pain; Transforaminal or Interlaminar?

No abstract available.

Combined Use of Intrathecal Opioids and Dexmedetomidine in the Management of Neuropathic Pain

No abstract available.

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate as a Risk Factor for Premature Myocardial Infarction: A Comparative Study / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate some of the major risk factors of myocardial infarction including dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in patients with premature myocardial infarction (age or =50 years). METHODS: This is a parallel case-control study on 50 premature myocardial infarction patients and 50 myocardial infarction patients. We also recruited 50 matched participants for each of the two groups. Patients and their control groups were assessed for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate serum level, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. In addition, family history of cardiovascular disease and current smoking was recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of premature myocardial infarction and myocardial infarction. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the demographic data of patients and their controls. The dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate serum level was significantly higher in patients with premature myocardial infarction compared with controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed only serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level to be significantly associated with premature myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.44 to 4.877; P = 0.002). Additionally, hypertension was found to be associated with myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level are associated with premature myocardial infarction but not with myocardial infarction, and this association is independent of the effects of other risk factors.

The efficacy of a first aid training course for drivers: an experience from northern Iran / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of a first aid training course for a group of drivers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study comprised 500 drivers, randomly selected from the road transport companies. They underwent a course of first aid training and the results were evaluated at 0-3 and 4-6 months after training.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both quantitative and qualitative improvements were observed in the drivers'efficacy in giving first aid. Also the rate of correct interventions was higher at 4-6 months than at 0-3 months. The exception was airway management which was not favorably improved after training.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The first aid training course for drivers is beneficial and helpful for prehospital care system in road traffic accidents.</p>

Short-term outcome of open appendectomy in southern iran: a single center experience

Objectives: To evaluate the short-term outcome of open appendectomy, the rate of negative appendectomy as well as pathology reports after surgery in patients with suspected acute appendicitis

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study being performed in Nemazee hospital affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Science during a 2-year period between 2008 and 2010. The medical records of all consecutive patients who underwent open appendectomy in our center due to acute appendicitis were included in the study. The elective and laparoscopic appendectomies were excluded. The demographic information, clinical findings, laboratory investigations and the histopathological examination of the appendix were recorded and reported

Results: A total of 337 patient including 137[36.4%] females, and 240[63.6%] males with the mean ageof 16.26 +/- 9.81 [range 3 to 76] years were stduied. Anorexia [64.7%]and fever [20.7%] were more prevalent symptoms. The mean duration between pain initiation and operation ranged from 0 to 14 days with mean 1.88 +/- 1.63 days. Right lower quadrant [RLQ], periumbilical, epigastria, left lower quadrant [LLQ], and Right upper quadrant [RUQ], pain were manifest in 78.8%, 41.6%, 12.2%, 3.2%, and 1.3% of patients, respectively Pathological evaluation of the appendix showed appendicitis in 70.4% of patients

Conclusion: The higher rate of negative appendectomy accounts for wasteful tapping of medical resources and causing further complication in patients. Therefore it is essential to conduct more accurate studies to detect the root cause of the disease. This would help improve the management of appendicitis which is an emergency condition with high incidence

Emergency operating room workload pattern: a single center experience from southern Iran

To determine the epidemiology and pattern of emergency operating room workload in Nemazee hospital affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. All surgical emergency operations which were performed in Nemazee hospital, Shiraz, Iran were collected over twelve months [September 2007 to September 2008]. The data obtained included indications, presenting symptoms the services provided and the demographic information of the patients. Overall number of recorded emergency operations in this cross sectional descriptive study was 3946, with males constituting 72% of the patients. The highest male/female ratio reported in trauma patients was 6.4:1 with the median age of 23 years, and the mean age of the operated patients was 27.8 years. Second to neurosurgery [19.64%] the general surgery was the busiest discipline in emergency operations [59.14%]. Appendectomy [11.77%], double/triple lumen/central venous catheter insertion [9.4%], and fiber optic/rigid bronchoscopy [3.27%] were the commonest general surgical operations. Among trauma patients, neurotrauma was the commonest reason for operation [10%]. Based on a new approach toward emergency operating room workload, in our country and centre, we showed that it is necessary to devote particular and individualized attention to the fields of agenda and hospital management of emergency operations. This is due to a high emergency operating room workload and its unique characteristics in our centre in contrast to other hospitals and departments. Although a decision making and operational strategy is recently seen to improve the quality and quantity of emergency services available to our patients, there is still a gap between present and optimal emergency healthcare which should be provided for our residents