Calidad de vida, nivel de actividad física y pruebas funcionales en personas adultas y mayores laboralmente activas / Quality of life, level of physical activity and functional tests in actively working adults and older people

BACKGROUND: The population of actively working older people is growing rapidly. The relationship between quality of life, levels of physical activity and functionality in this population is not entirely clear. AIM: To determine the association between quality of life, levels of physical activity and functional tests in actively working adults and older people. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross sectional assessment of 138 adults aged 40 to 50 years (53% women) and 119 older people aged 60 to 75 years (53% women) who were actively working in two public services. Quality of life was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire and usual physical activity was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-short). Handgrip strength, the timed up and go (TUG) and chair stand test (CST) were used as functional tests. RESULTS: Compared to older people, adults had better physical functional tests (P < 0.01). Older people had better scores in the mental health component (MHC) of quality of life (p < 0.05). In adults, the physical health component of quality of life (CSF) had a positive association with physical activity (Spearman Rho (rs)= 0.270; p = 0.01), grip strength (rs = 0.330; p < 0.01) and the TUG (rs = −0.229; p < 0.01). In older patients, CSM and CST were positively correlated (rs = 0.201; P = 0.029). In both groups, a correlation was observed between CSM, grip strength (adults rs = 0.283; p < 0.01; older people rs = 0.211; P = 0.02) and with TUG (adults rs = −0.197; P = 0.021; older people rs = - 0.212; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive correlation between quality of life and level of physical activity in working adults, which is not observed in older people. Adequate performance in physical functional tests is positively correlated with better quality of life (CSF and CSM) in adults and only with the mental health component in older people.

Physical therapy protocols to attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy in critically ill patients: narrative review / Protocolos de terapia física para atenuar la atrofia del músculo esquelético en pacientes críticos: revisión narrativa

SUMMARY: To describe the physical therapy protocols used in critically ill patients to attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy. We conducted a search in PubMed and Embase from inception to November 2020. Observational or experimental studies published in English or Spanish that evaluated the effect of physical therapy protocols on the attenuation of skeletal muscle atrophy in critically ill patients through muscle strength or mass measurement were considered eligible. Studies were only included if they reported a detailed description of the dosing of the interventions. Seventeen studies met the eligibility criteria. We included randomised clinical trials (n = 16) and observational studies (n = 1). The total population of the included studies was 872 critically ill patients. The studies aimed to evaluate the reliability, safety or effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (n = 10) protocols, early mobilisation (n = 3), ergometer training (n = 2), transfers in tilt table (n = 1), and blood flow restriction (n = 1). Physical therapy protocols are part of the critically ill patient's integral management. Strategies such as passive mobilisation, in-bed and out-of-bed transfers, gait training, ergometer training, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation substantially impact critically ill patients' prognoses and quality of life after hospital discharge.

RESUMEN: Describir los protocolos de terapia física usados en pacientes críticos para atenuar la atrofia muscular esquelética. Realizamos una búsqueda en PubMed y Embase desde el inicio hasta noviembre de 2020. Se consideraron los estudios observacionales o experimentales publicados en inglés o español que evaluaron el efecto de los protocolos de terapia física en la atenuación de la atrofia del músculo esquelético en pacientes críticos a través de la medición de la fuerza o la masa muscular. Los estudios solo se incluyeron si informaron una descripción detallada de la dosificación de las intervenciones. Diecisiete estudios cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (n = 16) y estudios observacionales (n = 1). La población total de los estudios incluidos fue de 872 pacientes en estado crítico. Los estudios tuvieron como objetivo evaluar la confiabilidad, seguridad o efectividad de los protocolos de estimulación eléctrica neuromuscular (n = 10), movilización temprana (n = 3), entrenamiento con ergómetro (n = 2), transferencias en mesa basculante (n = 1) y restricción del flujo sanguíneo (n = 1). Los protocolos de terapia física forman parte del manejo integral del paciente crítico. Es- trategias como la movilización pasiva, los traslados dentro y fuera de la cama, el entrenamiento de la marcha, el entrenamiento con ergómetro y la estimulación eléctrica neuromuscular tienen un impacto sustancial en el pronóstico y la calidad de vida de los pacientes críticos después del alta hospitalaria.

Anthropometric parameters, lower limb functionality and quality of life after high-intensity interval training in healthy young people versus older adults / Parámetros antropométricos, funcionalidad de miembros inferiores y calidad de vida posterior al entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad en jóvenes versus personas mayores

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of High-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the quality of life in healthy young people (YNG) and older adults (OLD)and its correlation with physical health status (anthropometric parameters and lower limb functionality) YNG (21 ? 2 years, BMI 26.37 ? 2.69 n = 12) and OLD (67 ? 5 years, BMI 27.16 ? 3.04 n = 12) groups underwent 12weeks of HIIT. Before and after the HIIT, anthropometric assessments, lower limb functionality tests, and SF-36 quality-of-life questionnaire were performed. There were no significant changes in the SF-36 dimensions (P>0.05). After HIIT, there were improvement percentage changes in Mental Component Summary (MCS) (YNG, +8.51 ? 25.80 % vs. OLD, +2.30 ? 9.05 %) and in Physical Component Summary (PCS) (YNG, +2.66 ? 20.54 % vs. OLD, +4.34 ? 22.71 %). Negative correlations were observed between body mass index (BMI) with PCS (R=-0.570, P=0.009) and with MCS (R=-0.649, P=0.002) in OLD as well as between MCS and waist circumference (R=-0.557, P?0.001) in both groups. Also, correlations were observed between PCS and the sit-to-stand test (R=-0.424, P=0.006) in both groups and gait speed (R=0.458, P=0.042) only in YNG. HIIT promotes positive percentage changes in quality of life, with YNG showing better results in PCS and OLD in MCS. Quality of life and physical health status were correlated in both groups.

RESUMEN: Determinar los efectos del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) sobre la calidad de vida en jóvenes sanos (YNG) y personas mayores (OLD) y su correlación con el estado de salud física (parámetros antropométricos y funcionalidad de miembros inferiores). Ambos grupos, YNG (21 ? 2 años, IMC 26,37 ? 2,69 n = 12) y OLD (67 ? 5 años, IMC 27,16 ? 3,04 n = 12) realizaron 12 semanas de HIIT. Antes y después del HIIT, se realizaron evaluaciones antropométricas, pruebas de funcionalidad de miembros inferiores y cuestionario de calidad de vida SF-36. No hubo cambios significativos en las dimensiones del SF-36 (P >0,05). Después del HIIT, hubo cambios porcentuales de mejora en el componente sumario mental (MCS) (YNG, +8.51 ? 25.80 % vs. OLD, +2.30 ? 9.05 %) y el componente sumario física (PCS) (YNG, +2,66 ? 20,54 % vs. OLD, +2,30 ? 9,05 %), correspondientes a la calidad de vida. Se observaron correlaciones negativas entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) con PCS (R=-0,570; P=0,009) y con MCS (R=0,649; P=0,002) en OLD, así como entre MCS y circunferencia de cintura (R = - 0,557, P?0,001) en ambos grupos. Además, se observaron correlaciones entre PCS y la prueba de sentarse y levantarse (R = -0,424; P = 0,006) en ambos grupos y la velocidad de la marcha (R = 0,458; P = 0,042) solo en YNG. HIIT promueve cambios porcentuales positivos en la calidad de vida, con YNG mostrando mejores resultados en PCS y OLD en MCS. La calidad de vida y el estado de salud física se correlacionaron en ambos grupos.