Process and pharmacological potentials of kasisa bhasma, a herbo-mineral formulation with calcinated ferrous sulphate

Objective: to process, standardize and assess the Kasisa bhasma formulation

Methods: the Kasisa bhasma [AK1] was processed in strict accordance to Ayurvedic formulary of India. AK1 was characterized physicochemically by FT-IR, TGA, SEM, AFM, XRD and AAS techniques. Formulation was assessed for anti-anemic, hepatoprotective and toxicity potentials using albino rats. The commercially marketed Kasisa bhsma [AK2] formulation was also used for comparative study

Results: the FT-IR spectra showing principal inorganic, hydrated metal salt or oxide peak was an indicative of bhasma. The XRD analysis of both formulations exhibited crystalline nature and nano-sized particles whendetermined using Scherrer formula. SEM showed well-defined plate like structures of ferric oxide in AK2 while AK1 showed spongy, relatively compact microcrystalline aggregates with loss of grain boundaries. AFM analysis confirmed the spherical morphology of AK1 and AK2 due to aggregation of nanocrystals of metallic oxides in the formulation. The presence of ferric oxide in nano-crystalline size was confirmed by TGA curves and quality by AAS study. The formulations AK1 and AK2 had exhibited anti-anemic and hepatoprotective potentials in albino rats. No toxicity was reported in histopathological study

Conclusion: the schematic process of Kasisa bhasma imparts quality in the formulation and standardization protocols and may therefore be considered as a fingerprinting of Kasisa bhasma using sophisticated analytical techniques

Formulation, characterization and comparative evaluation of Trivanga bhasma: a herbo-mineral Indian traditional medicine

Bhasmas are unique Ayurvedic-metallic preparations with herbal juices/fruits, widely recommended to treat variety of chronic ailments. Trivanga bhasma, a calcinated preparation, is used to treat Diabetes mellitus and as Diuretic. In the present research an attempt has been made to carry out a comparative standardization of formulated Trivanga bhasma [TB1] prepared as per Ayurvedic formulary and marketed Trivanga bhasma [TB2] integrating conventional and modern analytical tools. The formulations were evaluated for physical properties, chemical characterization using FTIR, AAS, SEM, TGA, XRD and AFM along with anti-diabetic, diuretic and toxicology studies. The X-ray Diffraction analysis of both formulations exhibited crystalline nature and nano-sized particles by Scherrer's equation. In SEM studies, Lead, zinc and tin oxides show well-defined plate like structures while TB1 showed spongy, relatively compact microcrystalline aggregates with loss of grain boundaries. AFM analysis confirmed the spherical morphology of TB1 and TB2 with an average particle size of 500 nm. The present study is the first report of fingerprinting of Trivanga bhasma using sophisticated analytical techniques. In vivo pharmacological screening revealed that both TB1 and TBK2 possess anti-diabetic and diuretic activity and less toxicity, thereby facilitating standardization of Trivanga bhasma

Formulation, standardization and pharmacological studies of Saraswataristam: a polyhedral preparation

Ayurvedic preparations achieved paramount importance in contemporary life owing to the safety and efficacy when compared with those of synthetic drugs. But due to lack of proper standardization at each stage from starting to culmination results in inferior quality and less demand. Saraswataristam, a fermented ayurvedic preparation, has been employed for treating central nervous system disorders and dermatological problems. Saraswataristam, containing Centella asiatica [L] urban [Umbelliferae] as the major ingredient is prepared as per the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeial specifications, characterized and standardized for determining the quality, safety and efficacy of herbs used in it. Saraswataristam was prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening by FTIR analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting, heavy metal determination by AAS, determination of alcohol content, test for E. coli, S. aureus, aerobic bacteria, yeasts and mould, oral toxicity studies and anti-epileptic activity by MES method. The physico-chemical studies showed total ash content as 1.1%, extractive values and some trace elements such as Lead, Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic with 3.1, 0.047, 0.17 and 0.46 ppm respectively and all values are found within the acceptable limits specified by WHO. FTIR and HPTLC studies showed the presence of asiaticoside in Saraswataristam, resulting in its chemical standardization. The formulation showed signs of dose dependent significant [P<0.001] reduction in various episodes of epileptic seizures in comparison with standard phenytoin, thereby making it biologically standardized. The physico-chemical and pharmacological analysis to standardize Saraswataristam confirmed its use as a safe anti-epileptic ayurvedic formulation.

Formulation and evaluation of poly herbal formulation against ccI[4] induced hepatotoxicity

Aegle marmelos L, Eclipta alba L. and Phyllanthus amarus are well known herbs as hepatoprotective agents. The preventive effects of polyherbal formulation containing the above herbs were evaluated against carbon tetra chloride [CCI[4]] induced hepatotoxicity in rats. CCI[4] induced fatty degeneration and vacuole formation and significantly increased the levels of alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST] in rat's plasma. Treatment with the herbal formulation significantly decreased the levels of AST and ALT in plasma. Also histopathological studies showed that the formulation reduced the incidence of liver lesions induced by CCI[4]. The study proved that the formulation prepared from A. marmelos, P. amarus and E. alba may be used in the treatment of CCI[4] induced hepatotoxicity

Formulation, standardization and pharmacological studies of Saraswataristam: a polyhedral preparation

Ayurvedic preparations achieved paramount importance in contemporary life owing to the safety and efficacy when compared with those of synthetic drugs. But due to lack of proper standardization at each stage from starting to culmination results in inferior quality and less demand. Saraswataristam, a fermented ayurvedic preparation, has been employed for treating central nervous system disorders and dermatological problems. Saraswataristam, containing Centella asiatica [L] urban [Umbelliferae] as the major ingredient is prepared as per the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeial specifications, characterized and standardized for determining the quality, safety and efficacy of herbs used in it. Saraswataristam was prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening by FTIR analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting, heavy metal determination by AAS, determination of alcohol content, test for E. coli, S. aureus, aerobic bacteria, yeasts and mould, oral toxicity studies and anti-epileptic activity by MES method. The physico-chemical studies showed total ash content as 1.1%, extractive values and some trace elements such as Lead, Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic with 3.1, 0.047, 0.17 and 0.46 ppm respectively and all values are found within the acceptable limits specified by WHO. FTIR and S1PTLC studies showed the presence of asiaticoside in Saraswataristam, resulting in its chemical standardization. The formulation showed signs of dose dependent significant [P<0.001] reduction in various episodes of epileptic seizures in comparison with standard phenytoin, thereby making it biologically standardized. The physico-chemical and pharmacological analysis to standardize Saraswataristam confirmed its use as a safe anti-epileptic ayurvedic formulation

Formulation and evaluation of herbal anti-acne moisturizer

The moisture content present in human skin makes it look young and the use of moisturizer results in fastening the moisture with a surface film of oil. Acne vulgaris is one of the most commonly seen diseases among the youth. The present study is focused on the use of herbs as moisturizer for acne treatment. The anti-acne moisturizer was formulated from herbal crude extracts and investigated the physico-chemical parameters as well as antibacterial activity of the formulation. The study revealed that ethanol extract of Andrographis paniculata, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ocimum sanctum, Azadiracta indica and Green tea possessed the potential for inhibiting acne. It was observed that the optimal formula of anti-acne moisturizer was satisfactorily effective to control acne inducing bacteria i.e., Staphylococcus epidermis and Propionibacterium. The physico-chemical parameters of the formulation were also optimal with no signs of irritation

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of tyrosine and glycine prodrugs of aceclofenac

The gastrointestinal toxicity associated with aceclofenac [AC] can be reduced by synthesis of its prodrugs. It involves condensing the carboxylic acid group of AC with methyl esters of amino acids like tyrosine and glycine to give tyrosine conjugated aceclofenac [3a] and glycine conjugated aceclofenac [3b], respectively. Physicochemical characterization of the prodrugs by various analytical and spectral methods was carried out. In vitro hydrolysis in simulated gastric fluid [SGF], simulated intestinal fluid [SIF] and human plasma showed an encouraging hydrolysis rate in SIF and human plasma than in SGF. This indicated that the prodrugs do not break in stomach but release aceclofenac in SIF and human plasma. The pharmacological evaluations showed a comparable increase in anti-inflammatory activity and marked reduction of ulcer index for the prodrugs. Normal histological findings revealed that the prodrugs are not producing any ulceration in the gastric region. The prodrugs thus possess better pharmacological response than the parent drug