Analysis of orbital malignancies presenting in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Objective: To determine the frequencies of various orbital malignancies amongst orbital lesions in patients presenting in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 666 orbital cases with an established histopathological diagnosis of malignant tumors treated in Mayo Hospital Lahore from 1996 to 2015 [20 years]

Results: About 66% of the malignant tumors were primary, 25% secondary, 8% haematopoietic and 1% metastatic. Almost 50% of the cases were children. Retinoblastoma is the commonest tumor [43% overall and 87% among children]. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second commonest [15.6% overall and 31% among adults]. These are then followed by Adenoid cystic carcinoma of Lacrimal Gland [9%], Lymphoma/Leukaemia [8%] and Rhabdomyosarcoma [6.3%]

Conclusion: Frequencies of various orbital malignancies show geographical variation in both paediatric and adult population

Epithelial ingrowth after penetrating trauma

This is a case report about the anterior segment findings of epithelial ingrowth in a young female patient after penetrating trauma. The patient underwent multiple surgeries after penetrating trauma and epithelial ingrowth was noted on regular follow-up. Epithelial ingrowth was noted along the inner surface of corneal endothelium along with the presence of cysts. These findings suggest that epithelium penetrated through the site of perforation and grew along endothelium. Although epithelial ingrowth is a commonly reported complication of photorefractive surgery, it is rarely reported after trauma to eye. To authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of epithelial ingrowth in Pakistan

Refractive errors among children aged 6-15 years playing video games

Background: A refractive error is an error in the focusing of light by the eye and a frequent reason for reduced visual acuity. The burden of uncorrected refractive errors among our population is large and as effective interventions are available, prompt identification can improve quality of life

Objective: To determine association between duration of playing video games and different types of refractive errors among children between age 06 to 15 Years

Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional study 100 children [95 Male and 05 Female] were registered and vision of all the subjects were checked using a distance Snellens visual acuity chart. Retinoscopy and subjective refraction were done in the subjects having visual acuity less than 06/12 in one or both eyes. Questions regarding their habits of playing video games along with its duration were asked, with demographic features of each study subject

Results: Out of the 100 subjects, 18 were found to have refractive errors, mainly; myopia [72.22%], hyperopia [16.7%] and astigmatism [11.1%]. Our study showed no significant relation of refractive error with their habit of playing different types of video games. However, there was significant relation between refractive error and duration of playing video games

Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a significant association between refractive errors and duration of playing video games in children, and this relation needs to be further explored on large scale