reliability of dental pulp in human blood group identification

Dental tissues play a very Important role for forensic purposes, because it is the hardest of all human tissues and can be preserved for a prolonged duration even subsequent to death, The aim of the this study was to determine the ABO blood grouping from the pulpal tissue of extracted teeth and to correlate the same with blood group details obtained from the study subjects. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 50 subjects. Blood group was determined on blood which was obtained from blood already taken for Hepatitis screening. To determine association Goodman Kruskal Gamma test was applied between blood sample from dental pulp and control in SPSS 20.0. Out of total participants, 29[58%] were females and 21[42%] were males. The mean age was 25.56+/-5.17 years, ranging from 18 to 38 years. All the correlation [association] was very high and statistically significant. Overall correlation was very [r=0.99, P=0.00]. The correlation was ranging from 0.87[blood group B] to 1.00 [blood AB and O]. Similarly, the correlation among Rh+ and Rh- was also very high i.e. 0.98 and 0.88 respectively and was statistically significantly. The finidngs of this investigation showed that there is high correlation of the pulpal blood group with venous blood. So the blood group of this population can determined from dental pulp

Role of topical antibiotics in prophylaxis against endophthalmitis following intravitreal antibiotics

Objective: To compare the prophylactic use of antibiotic with placebo to prevent post intra-vitreal endophthalmitis and other complications

Methods: A prospective, cohort study was conducted at Ophthalmology Department, Fauji Foundation Hospital [FFH], from June 2016 to July 2017. A total of 1082 eyes of 673 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were selected at non-random and divided into two groups. In Group-I, non - exposed, placebo eye drops were given after intravitreal bevacizumab injections and in Group-II, exposed, ofloxacin eye drops were given after intravitreal bevacizumab injections

Results: Total 1082 eyes were given intravitreal bevacizumab injection in 673 patients. No patients in Group-I, non - exposed, receiving placebo eye drops developed post intra vitreal endophthalmitis, whereas only 01 [0.1 percent] patient developed post intravitreal endophthalmitis in Group-II, exposed, receiving ofloxacin eye drops. In inferential statistics the P- value was also statistically insignificant [x2 [1, N=1082] =0.95, P>0.05]

Conclusion: This study showed that topical antibiotic, as a prophylaxis after intravitreal injections has no role in the prevention of post intravitreal endophthalmitis and other complications

Efficacy of brow suspension with autogenousfascia lata in simple congenital ptosis

Objective: To assess the mean change in interpalpebral fissure height and marginal reflex distance after brow suspension with autogenous fascia lata sling in patients of ptosis

Methods: This was a Quasi experimental study conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, King Edwards Medical University Lahore, from Jan 2013 to June 2016. Included were the patients who had unilateral or bilateral ptosis with poor levator function [< 5 mm]. Informed consent was obtained from all patients after explaining about the research project. Patients were admitted in ward and all of them underwent surgery by a single surgical team. The surgical procedure was performed in supine position under general anesthesia in children and uncooperative patients. Patients were followed at week 4, 8, 12 and 24 to observe vertical interpalpebral fissure height and marginal reflex distance

Results: The mean age of the patients was 9.03 +/- 5.26 years. The mean Inter palpebral fissure height [IPFH] was 4.40+/-0.91 mm and mean MRD was 0.50 +/- 1.00 mm before surgery while after surgery it was 7.41+/-0.76 mm and 3.10 +/- 1.50 mm respectively at 04 weeks. The mean IPFH and MRD at 24 weeks postoperatively were 8.43+/-0.98 mm and 3.60 + 1.50 mm respectively. The mean change in IPFH and MRD at 24th week, were 3.90 +/- 0.34 mm and 3.50 +/- 1.00 mm

Conclusion: Brow suspension with fascia lata sling is safe and effective technique for correction of ptosis with poor levator function

Students' perception of educational environment at army medical college, rawalpindi: assessment by dreem [dundee-ready education environment measure]

To assess the students' perception of educational environment of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan and to determine gender difference in this perception. A survey-based study. Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Jan 2012-June 2012. Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure [DREEM] questionnaire was administered to 805 1[st] year to 5[th] year MBBS students of AM College, after written and informed consent. DREEM total and subscores were calculated according to Likert scale. Comparison was made for responses of male and female students as well as among students of each class by student's t test and ANOVA. Valid responses were 647 out of 805 [response rate = 80.17%]. The education climate was rated as more positive than negative determined by overall DREEM scores [mean 116.57 +/- 24.96]. Students perceptions of learning, teachers, academic self-perception, atmosphere and social self-perception were determined by sub scales and responses were found to be more on the positive side though sub scores of academic perception were highest [19.32 +/- 5.25] and those of social self-perception were lowest [15.42 +/- 3.85]. There was no statistical difference in perception of male and female students [p = 0.12]. The sub scores were significantly higher in 1[st] year students but all other classes had almost similar scores [p = 0.06] on ANOVA and post hoc tukey's test. Army Medical College as an institution has a positive education environment where most of the students feel positive about education climate, learning environment, teachers, their own academic achievements, institutional atmosphere and their social well-being

Outcome of pars plana vitrectomy with silicon oil versus scleral buckling in primary retinal reattachment surgery

To evaluate the outcome of primary pars plana vitrectomy with silicon oil tamponade versus scleral buckling procedureas a treatment for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This prospective, comparative, interventional study was conducted from July 2008 to June 2009. Patients were selected and divided into two groups. Pars plana vitrectomy [group I] or scleral buckling [group II] was performed as primary procedure. Patients were followed for 06 months after surgery. Anatomical outcome in pars plana vitrectomy procedure was 96.2% as compared to scleral buckling procedure 87.0%. Functional outcome in pars planavitrectomy, best corrected visual acuity of 6/6 - 6/18 was attained in 34.6%, in sclera buckling procedure 65.2% at 06 months. Anatomical outcome in pars plana vitrectomy is better as compared to sclera buckling. Visual outcome and visual rehabilitation is earlier and better in scleral buckling as compared to pars plana vitrectomy