genetic study of celiac disease in patients with multiple sclerosis in comparison with celiac patients and healthy controls

Background: Studies have reported the controversial association between multiple sclerosis [MS] and celiac disease [CD]. Thus, we aimed to conduct a case control study on patients with MS, CD, and controls to investigate CD in patients with MS by means of comparing CD genetic markers in patients with MS and controls. We also evaluated serological markers in patients with MS

Materials and Methods: This is a case control study conducted on 60 patients with MS, 140 patients with CD, and 151 healthy controls in 2015 in Tehran, Iran. HLA typing was done to identify the carriers of the DQB1*02, DQB1*0301, DQA1*05, or DQA1*0201 alleles for HLA-DQ2, DQB1*0302, or DQA1*03 for HLA-DQ8. All data were analyzed using SPSS software [version 23, IBM Corp]. Serological markers including anti-gliadin antibodies [AGA] [IgA, IgG], anti-tissue trans glutaminase antibodies [Anti tTG] [IgA, IgG], anti-endomysial antibody [EMA] [IgA, IgG], and total IgA were assessed in MS group by enzyme immunoassays

Results: The data of 60 patients with MS [26.7% male, mean age = 34.83 years], 140 patients with CD [33.6% male, mean age = 38.37 years] and 151 controls [48.3% male, mean age = 40.43 years] were analyzed. The results of serological markers were not positive in any of the patients with MS. The prevalence of IgA deficiency [IgA

Conclusion: Our results did not show any correlation between MS and CD, which was similar to other studies

likelihood ratio and frequency of DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes in Iranian patients with celiac disease

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the likelihood ratio and frequency of DQ2 and DQ8 in Iranian patients with celiac disease [CD]

Background: The HLA DQ2 and HLA DQ8 are the important mediators in the development of celiac disease. A few studies evaluated the frequency of HLA DQ2 and HLA DQ8 haplotypes among the Iranian population with low sample size

Patients and methods: In this cross-sectional study, to predict HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes, 141[73 male, 78 female] confirmed CD patients compared to 151 healthy controls were enrolled into this study during 2013-2014. HLA DQ2/ DQ8 haplotypes was determined in cases and controls using PCR-SSP technique

Results: DQ2 and DQ8 were positive in 80% [n=111] and 49% [n= 69] of CD patients and 36% [n=61] and 13% [n=21] of control group respectively. Moreover, 32% [n=45] of CD patients and 5.3% [n=8] of the control group were carrier of both haplotypes. In the case group about one-third of patients [32.2%] were positive for carrying both DQ2 and DQ8 heterodimers while only 5.3% [n=8] of the control group were carrier. In addition, the positive likelihood ratio of DQ2 and DQ8 were 1.74 [CI: 1.4- 2.1], and 2.6 [CI: 1.8- 2.7], respectively

Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the frequency of DQ8 among our population is higher than those reported by European countries, but it is close to those founded in South America and Middle East. This result suggests that the higher prevalence of HLA DQ8 pattern in Iranian CD patients is similar to non-European patients

Dropped gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy [LC] is one of the most commonly performed surgeries worldwide. Stones can be spilled from the gallbladder during LC. These stones can be left in the peritoneal cavity or trapped at the trocar site. The potential late sequelae and associated morbidity are not well documented. Every effort should be made in order to avoid spillage of stones during dissection of the gallbladder through the abdominal wall. We describe one case that underwent LC and presented with dropped gallstones