Internal Architecture Of Human Tali

Introduction: The talus is one of the seven tarsal bones. It is responsible for receiving the body weight andtransmitting it to the plantar arch below. The architecture of cancellous bone is based on its mechanical demands.The trabecular patterns of a bone are formed by the stress trajectories that are placed on that bone. The preferreddirectional orientation of the trabeculae thus provides a history of the stresses to which the bone has beensubjected.Aim: To study the internal architecture and pressure lines of human tali.Materials and Methods: 30 tali were dissected out from the formalin fixed lower limbs available at the Departmentof Anatomy of KVG Medical College, Sullia and they were dried and serial longitudinal (parasagittal), transverse(coronal) and horizontal sections of the bone were made in 10 each. The coronal sections were made at 3 levelsi.e at the body, neck and head. A good quality digital photograph of the cut surfaces were taken using a digitalcamera for analysis of the trabeculae of cancellous bone. Radiographs of the slices were also taken to study thepressure and the tension lines.Results: The sections showed an outer thin layer of compact bone, but it was much thicker at the neck of the talus.In the head, the cancellous bone was made of thick, parallel running semi-arched plates which consisted of twolimbs i.e vertical and horizontal which were continuous with each otherConclusion: It can be concluded that the part of compressive force, acting vertically downward on the body of thetalus during standing, was converted to tensile force in the neck, and its direction was made perpendicular, toenable this force to go toward the head of the talus. These findings may help in better understanding of fracturelines in the talus, which could improve internal fixation techniques, and help in designing of talar prosthesis.

Cheiloscopy: A Scientific Approach for Personal Identification.

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is derived from Greek word “Cheiloswhich” meaning lips.It is the study of characteristic pattern of elevations and depressions on labial mucosa. It is unique for every individual like fingerprints and hence can be used to determine the sex and for personal identity. Aim: This study is undertaken to evaluate the uniqueness of lip prints for sexual and personal identification of an individual. Materials and Methods: lipsticks, brush, cellophane tape, bond paper and magnifying lens. 50 male and 50 female students were selected from Yenepoya University. Lipstick was applied on their lips evenly and the prints were taken on folded bond paper. The cellophane tape was stuck on the paper to preserve it as permanent records. The prints were analysed using magnifying lens and Tsuchihashi’s classification of lip prints was used for to determine the most common pattern of lip prints found in males and females and to study any similarity of lip prints between two individuals. Observations and Results: Our study showed in males the predominant pattern was of type III pattern (40%), followed by type IV (22%), type I (18%), type I’ (12%) type II (6%) and type V(4%) respectively. This hierarchy is different for females, where type I was more predominant(54%),next was type I’ (28%), type III (10%), type IV (4%), type II (1%)and type V(2%) .Hence these results confirm the uniqueness of lip prints for every individual and show its variation according to gender. Conclusion: The data obtained from the above study shows promising results and indicates the uniqueness of lip prints like fingerprints for every individual. They hold a possible potential to determine the sex of an individual and hence can be used as records for personal identification.

A Comparative Study Of Tracheobronchial Pattern Using Luminal Plastination.

Background: The tracheobronchial pattern of human lungs is well known. An attempt was made to compare the pattern with that of sheep lung using luminal plastination of sheep lung. Several similarities were observed between the two patterns, due to which, the sheep lung serves as an ideal experimental model to study the effect of treatment in several human airway diseases. Objective: The first objective was to compare the two tracheobronchial patterns. Moreover the study also provided an opportunity to the authors to attempt a luminal plastination. The final objective is to highlight the various advantages of advances in luminal plastination in current medical education and research. Materials and methods: Silicon sealant was injected into the tracheobroncheal tree of sheep after thoroughly cleaning the lungs with saline. After the sealant solidified the surrounding lung tissue was destroyed by boiling. Thus a luminal cast was prepared. Result: The result was a splendid luminal cast of the sheep lung showing its tracheobronchial pattern. Conclusion: It was observed that the tracheobronchial division pattern showed significant similarities and a single variation. Therefore the sheep lung is an ideal experimental model and luminal plastination can be applied to comparative anatomical study to identify more such models.