The relationship between thiol-disulfide balance and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss / Relação entre equilíbrio tiol-dissulfeto e perda auditiva neurossensorial súbita idiopática

Abstract Introduction: Impaired cochlear perfusion is a major etiological factor in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Oxidative stress has been shown to be a risk factor for oxidative damage. Objectives: We investigated the role of oxidative stress in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss by comparing serum levels of oxidant and antioxidant molecules including thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, arylesterase, ceruloplasmin and myeloperoxidase in patients who did and did not recover after treatment. Methods: The amount of dynamic disulfide was calculated by determining half of the difference between the total thiols and native thiols. After the determination of native, total thiol, and disulfide amounts, the disulfide/total thiol percent ratio, native thiol/total thiol ratio and disulfide/native thiol percent ratio were calculated and then compared between the two groups. Additionally, clinical relationship between audiological recovery and native thiol, disulfide, disulfide/native thiol percent ratio, and disulfide/total thiol percent ratio levels was investigated. Blood samples were also analyzed for the assessment of thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, arylesterase, ceruloplasmin, and myeloperoxidase levels. Results: A significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to total oxidant status disulfide, disulfide/native thiol percent ratio, disulfide/total thiol percent ratio, and native thiol/total thiol ratio levels (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, ceruloplasmin, and myeloperoxidase levels (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: The results supported the common hypothesis that vascular pathologies are the primary cause of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and that other etiological factors ultimately result in vascular pathologies. The oxidant-antioxidant and thiol-disulfide balances were impaired in the idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss group.

Resumo Introdução: A perfusão coclear prejudicada é um fator etiológico importante na perda auditiva neurossensorial súbita idiopática (PANSSI). O estresse oxidativo mostrou ser um fator de risco para danos oxidativos. Objetivos: Investigamos o papel do estresse oxidativo na PANSSI mediante a comparação dos níveis séricos de moléculas oxidantes e antioxidantes, inclusive homeostase de tiol/dissulfeto, paraoxonase, paraoxonase estimulada, arilesterase, ceruloplasmina e mieloperoxidase em pacientes com e sem recuperação após o tratamento. Método: A quantidade de dissulfeto dinâmico foi calculada mediante a determinação de metade da diferença entre os tiois totais e os tiois nativos. Após a determinação das quantidades de tiol nativo, tiol total e dissulfeto, as razões percentuais de dissulfeto/tiol total, tiol nativo/tioltotal e dissulfeto/tiol nativo foram calculadas e depois comparadas entre os dois grupos. Além disso, a relação clínica entre a recuperação audiológica e os níveis de tiol nativo, tiol nativo/tiol total, dissulfeto, dissulfeto/tiol nativo e dissulfeto/tiol total foi investigada. Amostras de sangue também foram analisadas para avaliar os níveis de paraoxonase, paraoxonase estimulada, arilesterase, ceruloplasmina e mieloperoxidase. Resultados: Uma diferença significante foi encontrada entre os dois grupos em relação ao estado oxidante total e aos níveis de dissulfeto, dissulfeto/tiol nativo, dissulfeto/tiol total, tiol nativo/tiol total (p = 0,001, p = 0,001, p = 0,001, p = 0,003, p = 0,001, p = 0,002, respectivamente). Porém, não foi encontrada diferença significante entre os dois grupos em relação aos níveis de paraoxonase, paraoxonase estimulada, ceruloplasmina e mieloperoxidade (p> 0,05 para todos). Conclusão: Os resultados apoiaram a hipótese comum de que as doenças vasculares são a principal causa de PANSSI e que, em última análise, outros fatores etiológicos resultam em doenças vasculares. Os equilíbrios de oxidante-antioxidante e tiol-dissulfeto estavam prejudicados no grupo PANSSI.

Hematological Parameters to Predict the Severity of Hyperemesis Gravidarum and Ketonuria / Parâmetros hematológicos para prever a gravidade da hiperêmese gravídica e da cetonúria

Abstract Objective Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy complication that can progress with persistent nausea and vomiting. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between hematological parameters and HG. Method A total of 532 pregnant women with HG who were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between March 2019 and February 2021, and 534 healthy pregnant women with characteristics similar to those of the case group were included in the study. The hematological parameters of both groups were compared. In addition, the hematological parametersof patients with HG according to the severity of ketonuria were compared. Results Themean age of the HG group (n=532) was 26.3 ± 4.1 years, and that of the control group (n=534) was 25.9 ± 4.8 years. Among patients with HG, 46% (n=249) had ketone(+), 33% (n=174), ketone(++), and 21% (n=109), ketone(+++). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were higher in the HG group than in the control group: 3.8 (2.8-5.8)/3.2 (2.6-4.0); p<0.001; and 135.2 ± 30.4/108.9 ± 62.2; p<0.001 respectively. The neutrophil count, NLR, and PLR were higher in the group with ketone(+++) than in the groups with ketone(+) or ketone(++): 7.6 ± 1.9/5.5 ± 2.4; p<0.001; 3.8(2.8-4.6)/2.9(2.3- 3.6); p<0.001; and 149.9 ± 48.0/135.9 ± 65.7; p<0.001 respectively. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) level, the NLR, and the PLR were identified as independent predictors of the presence of HG and the level of ketone positivity in HG patients. Conclusion The NLR and PLR were high in patients with HG, suggesting the its inflammatory activity. They may be important markers associated with the presence and severity of HG.

Resumo Objetivo A hiperêmese gravídica (HG) é uma complicação da gravidez que pode evoluir com náuseas e vômitos persistentes. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a relação entre os parâmetros hematológicos e a HG. Método Foram incluídas neste estudo 532 gestantes com HG internadas no Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia entre março de 2019 e fevereiro de 2021, e 534 gestantes saudáveis com características semelhantes às do grupo de caso. Os parâmetros hematológicos foram comparados entre gestantes com e sem HG. Além disso, os parâmetros hematológicos foram comparados entre as pacientes com HG de acordo com a gravidade da cetonúria. Resultados A média de idade do grupo GH (n=532) foi de 26,3 ± 4,1 anos, e a do grupo de controle (n=534) foi de 25,9 ± 4,8 anos. Entre as pacientes com HG, 46% (n=249) tinham cetona(+), 33% (n=174), cetona(++), e 21% (n=109), cetona (+++). A razão de neutrófilos para linfócitos (RNL) e a razão de plaquetas para linfócitos (RPL) forammaiores no grupo HG do que no grupo de controle: 3,8 (2,8-5,8)/3,2 (2,6-4,0); p<0,001; e 135,2 ± 30,4/108,9 ± 62,2; p<0,001, respectivamente). A contagem de neutrófilos, a RNL e a RPL foram maiores no grupo com cetona(+++) do que nos grupos comcetona(+) e cetona(++): 7,6 ± 1,9/5,5 ± 2,4; p<0,001; 3,8 (2,8- 4,6)/2,9 (2,3-3,6); p<0,001; e 149,9 ± 48,0/135,9 ± 65,7; p<0,001, respectivamente. O nível médio de hemoglobina corpuscular (MHC), a RNL e a RPL foram identificados como preditores independentes da presença de HG e do nível de positividade de cetona em pacientes com HG. Conclusão A RNL e RPL estavam elevadas em pacientes com HG, o que sugere a sua atividade inflamatória. Elas podem ser marcadores importantes associados à presença e à gravidade da HG.

Evaluation of choroidal thickness via enhanced depth‑imaging optical coherence tomography in patients with systemic hypertension.

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate choroidal thickness via spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‑OCT) and to compare the data with those of 24‑h blood pressure monitoring, elastic features of the aorta, and left ventricle systolic functions, in patients with systemic hypertension. Materials and Methods: This was a case–control, cross‑sectional prospective study. A total of 116 patients with systemic hypertension, and 116 healthy controls over 45 years of age, were included. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was measured using a Heidelberg SD‑OCT platform operating in the enhanced depth imaging mode. Patients were also subjected to 24‑h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and standard transthoracic echocardiography (STTE). Patients were divided into dippers and nondippers using ABPM data and those with or without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH+ and LVH–) based on STTE data. The elastic parameters of the aorta, thus aortic strain (AoS), the beta index (BI), aortic distensibility (AoD), and the left ventricular mass index (LVMI), were calculated from STTE data. Results: No significant difference in SFCT was evident between patients and controls (P ≤ 0.611). However, a significant negative correlation was evident between age and SFCT in both groups (r = −0.66/−0.56, P ≤ 0.00). No significant SFCT difference was evident between the dipper and nondipper groups (P ≤ 0.67), or the LVH (+) and LVH (–) groups (P ≤ 0.84). No significant correlation was evident between SFCT and any of AoS, BI, AoD, or LVMI. Discussion: The choroid is affected by atrophic changes associated with aging. Even in the presence of comorbid risk factors including LVH and arterial stiffness, systemic hypertension did not affect SFCT.

Serum adenosine deaminase, catalase and carbonic anhydrase activities in patients with bladder cancer

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between adenosine deaminase and various cancers has been investigated in several studies. However, serum adenosine deaminase activity and carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities in patients with bladder cancer have not previously been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure serum adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities in patients with bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with bladder cancer and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. RESULTS: Serum adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities were significantly higher in patients with bladder cancer than controls (all significant, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These markers might be a potentially important finding as an additional diagnostic biochemical tool for bladder cancer.