Congenital diaphragmatic hernia management and outcomes: a simple literature review

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia [CDH] is considered as one of the most common congenital anomalies. As a result, significant literatures have been done to assess the different management procedures and outcomes of each. Assessment of these literatures will support in providing better outcomes for the patients

Objective: Aim of the study: Assessment of different management plans of CDH, and the outcomes related. In addition to providing scientific references for analyzing all the clinical studies in this field

Methods: PubMed database was used for articles selection. We included all relevant articles to our review with the following topics: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Management, Outcomes, Morbidity, and Mortality. We excluded other articles which are not related to this field. The data were extracted according to specific form to be reviewed by group members to assess the different procedures, and the outcomes

Conclusion: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia has high complexity regarding its management. Prenatal screening is important because early diagnosis is helpful either in family education about the condition and its prognosis or in the decision regarding prenatal intervention. Smoking and alcohol intake are modifiable risk factors of CDH and their complications like prematurity, which is associated with high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Resolution and improvement of pulmonary hypertension either with or without treatment in the first 2-3 weeks was a major indicator of good prognosis of the case. Minimally invasive techniques showed lower rate of complications than open surgeries either prenatally like FETO or postnatally like thoracoscopic CDH repair. In addition, Hernia repair after decannulation from ECMO showed lower bleeding complications than repair on ECMO

Evaluation of the most common complications of sickle cell anemia and management in children: simple literature review

Background: Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal structural defect that affect the hemoglobin. It is associated with reduction in the RBC life span especially under stress. As a result of this structural defect the RBCs takes a sickle shape which is associated with a lot of complications that significantly have an effect on the patient's life

Objective: In this study, we aim at evaluating the most common complication of sickle cell anemia. Also, the assessment of the various management plans to prevent it if occurred

Methods: PubMed database were used for articles selection as well as all relevant articles to our research interest with the following topics: Sickle cell anemia, Complications, Mortality, Prevention and Management. We excluded other articles, which are not related to this field. The data were extracted according to specific form in which it is going to be reviewed by the group members

Conclusion: Sickle cell anemia have various complications that have impact on quality of life and arise from effect of three main pathophysiological mechanisms i.e. Vasooclussive, hyper-haemolytic and infective complications. Hydroxyurea, chronic blood transfusion, and routine Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound are still the most useful preventive measures of SCA complications

Evaluation of pyloric stenosis management, laparoscopic versus open pyloromyotomy

Background: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis [HPS] is associated with gastric outlet obstruction that occurs as a result of pylorus muscular layers hypertrophy. HPS is considered as the most common cause of vomiting in infancy that requires surgical intervention. Despite advances in neonatal and surgical care,still there is a debate between the pediatric surgeons about the approach that can provide better outcomes for the patients

Objective: In our paper, we aimed to review the recent randomized clinical trials and reviews that compared between laparoscopic and open pyloromyotomy to assess their outcomes, merits and pitfall of each

Methods: PubMed database was used for articles selection, and the following keys used in the mesh [[Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis /management][Mesh] OR [\\ Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis /outcomes][Mesh]] AND [[Mortality/Morbidity][Mesh]]. A total of 12 studies were enrolled into our review according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria

Conclusion: We found that overall Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy procedures were as safe and effective as Open pyloromyotomy procedures for infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. However, there was a trend in the LP group towards shorter time, especially with regard to the full time to feeds, length of stay after surgery, operating time. We think that our findings justify the continued use of laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for the management of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and recommend its use in centers with appropriate laparoscopic experience