Stabilization studies of sunflower oil with antioxidants extracted from green and black cardamom

Abstract: Extracts from green and black cardamom have been used to evaluate their antioxidant potential for sunflower oil samples for a period of 45 days. Synthetic antioxidants BHA/ BHT were also used parallel over a period of 45 days for comparison. Antioxidant potential of natural and synthetic antioxidants were evaluated by measuring free fatty acids [FFA], peroxide value [PV] and iodine value [IV] values by ambient storage of sunflower oil. The results showed that green cardamom extracts were more effective compared to black cardamom extracts. However compared to BHA and BHT [200ppm], these were found to be effective at higher concentrations

Effect of dimenhydrinate in children with gastroenteritis related vomiting with mild to moderate dehydration

Background: vomiting among children with dehydration is serious issue to deal with

Objective: to determine the effect of dimenhydrinate in children with gastroenteritis related vomiting having mild to moderate dehydration

Methodology: it was a quasi experimental study, conducted in the Pediatrics Department in Nawaz Sharif Medical College Gujrat from 1[st] January 2014 to 31[st] December 2015. Two hundred and fifty six patients were included in the study.128 patients were enrolled in each group. The children with gastroenteritis and vomiting having mild to moderate dehydration were registered as group A and B. The socio demographic information, diarrhea and vomiting history was recorded and examination was done. Children, 1-6 years old having diarrhea and vomiting for last six hours were included in the study. A child enrolled in group A was given IM dimenhydrinate and started ORT and another child of same age and gender was enrolled in group B and only ORT was started. After two hours child was examined again and history of vomiting, ORS taken and frequency of stool was asked and decision for discharge on ORT was made. The was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 10

Results: in group A [who were given anti-emetic]; total 128 children with diarrhea and vomiting were given dimenhydrinate and ORT. After 2-3 hours of therapy, out of 128 children 94 [74%] children were having no dehydration, no vomiting and were taking adequate ORS orally and 34 [26%] children were having mild to moderate dehydration and were not able to take ORS due to vomiting. In group B total 128 children with diarrhea and vomiting were given only ORT. After 2-3 hours of therapy, out of 128 children 55[43%] children were having no dehydration no vomiting and were taking adequate ORS orally and 73[57%] children were having mild to moderate dehydration and were not able to take ORS due to vomiting

Conclusion: this clinical trial showed that a single IM injection of anti-emetic reduces gastroenteritisrelated vomiting and facilitates ORT without significant adverse events. Dimenhydrinate shows promising results as a first-line anti-emetic, and use of this agent might increase the success of ORT, minimize the need for intravenous therapy, hospitalization, and reduces healthcare costs

Role of MDCT in diagnosis of fungal sinusitis

To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in diagnosis of fungal sinusitis. Cross sectional study. This study was conducted at the Department of Radiology PNS SHIFA Hospital Karachi from 18[th] April 2012 to 17[th] October 2012. 126 patients of all ages and gender with clinical suspicion of fungal sinusitis were included in the study. Non-contrast enhanced axial and coronal CT performed on l6slice MDCT. 76%patients were male, 24% female. 98.4% were immunocompetent and 1.6% were immunocompromised. CT finding of mucosal thickening with hyper-attenuating areas in effected sinuses was considered CT diagnostic criteria for fungal sinusitis. Biopsy and histopathology performed in every case and histopathological diagnosis was considered as 'Gold standard' for comparison of CT findings. Findings of every patient were recorded on a specially designed Performa. SPSS version 10 used to calculate diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in fungal sinusitis. 32 [25.4%] patients showed mucosal thickening with internal hyper-attenuating areas in the sinuses representing fungal rhino sinusitis. Results compared with biopsy reports. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CT scan in detection of fungal sinusitis were 100%, 93%, 78%, 100% and 94%. 5 [4%] patients showed intraorbital extension and 3 [2.4%] patients showed both intraorbital and intracranial extension of disease. MDCI is very useful and accurate in diagnosis of fungal sinusitis. It should be considered as first investigation of choice to confirm or to rule out fungal sinusitis in clinically suspected patients. MRI should supplement MDCT in those cases of fungal sinusitis in which intraorbital or intracranial extension of disease is suspected

Frequency of impaired glucose tolerance test in obese pregnant women

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [GDM] is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The diagnosis of Gestational diabetes mellitus, can be made by oral glucose tolerance test

Objective: To determine the frequency of impaired glucose tolerance test in obese pregnant women attending outpatient department of Lahore General Hospital

Subjects and Methods: It was hospital-based, descriptive study. This study was conducted in out patient department and Gynae and Obstetrics, Unit II, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Newborn babies were followed in Children Hospital, Lahore. This study was conducted from 7[th] July, 2011 to 6[th] July 2012. Obese pregnant women having BMI [Body Mass Index] more than 30, at 20 to 28 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Gestational age was calculated by dating scan. Age of the obese pregnant women was between 20-40 years. Body mass index was calculated by dividing weight in kilogram by height in meter square. Oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] was performed after 8 hours of fasting. After lOOgm of glucose load, four blood samples were taken and were checked for abnormal oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], according to American Diabetes Association Criteria, 2004 [i.e. fasting blood sugar > 5.3mmol/L, 1 hour value > lOmmol/L, 2 hour value > 8.6 mmol/L, 3 hour value > 7.8mmol/L]. Oral glucose tolerance test were considered impaired if any two of the above readings were impaired. Every newborn baby was examined by the pediatrician and followed in Children Hospital, Lahore, for any complication

Results: There were 74 [24%] pregnant women who had impaired oral glucose tolerance test and there were 236 [76%] pregnant women who did not show impaired oral glucose tolerance test. On follow up of newborn babies every fifteen days for three months, all the babies were found to be normal

Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that 24% obese pregnant women have impaired oral glucose tolerance test. Gestational diabetes mellitus can be diagnosed early in pregnancy by doing oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]. After early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus, early treatment can be started and the newborn babies can be saved from any complication of gestational diabetes mellitus