Effects of thirty minutes regular brisk walk on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects

Objective: The present prospective study was conducted to observe the physiological effects of brisk walk on the systemic blood pressure in hypertensive subjects

Study Design: Observational study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Outpatient Department, NICVD-Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center [JPMC] / Physiology department, BMSI, Karachi from December 2001 to May 2002

Materials and Methods: A sample of 30 diagnosed cases of mild uncomplicated systemic hypertension and 30 healthy controls were selected as per study criteria. Aerobic exercise was explained as of doing regular briskwalking of 30 minutes on alternate days for 60 days. Systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic BP [DBP], heart rate [HR] and respiratory rate [RR] were checked at baseline and after 60 days of aerobic exercise. Consent of subjects and approval of ethics committee of institute was observed. Data was analyzed on the SPSS 10.0. Continuous and categoricaldata wasanalyzedbystudent`st-testand Chisquaretestrespectivelyas95%confidenceinterval

Results: Baseline systolic BP, diastolic BP, HR and RR were raised in hypertensive subjects compared to controls [p=0.001]. After 60 days aerobic exercise, the systolic BP, diastolic BP, HR and RR were reduced in hypertensive subjects compared to controls [p >0.05]

Conclusion: The present study concludes that the aerobic exercise improves Systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic BP [DBP], heart rate [HR] and respiratory rate [RR] in hypertensive subjects

Effects of aerobic exercise on lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes[NIDDM]

Objectives: This study was undertaken to observe the effects of aerobic exercise on lipid profile in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Study Design: Observational study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Physiology Department, JPMC Karachi from December 2001 to May 2002

Materials and Methods: 30 adult male subjects with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes were selected from diabetic clinic of JPMC, Karachi. 30 apparently healthy adult male subjects were selected from friends, students and staff members of BMSI, as control. The subjects belonging to diabetic groups were then briefed about exercise protocol, which consisted of a regular brisk walk of 30 minutes on alternate days per week for 60 days

Results: Base line Values of mean HDL-cholesterol serum cholesterol, serum total triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and mean fasting blood glucose were significantly different in diabetic group as compared to control group [P<0.001] After aerobic exercise, all the parameters except HDL-C were significantly decreased while HDL-C was significantly increased as compared to the pre-exercise values

Conclusion: Regular aerobic exercises improve blood glucose, TAG, LDLc and cholesterol and increases the HDLc in type 2 diabetic subjects has been concluded by the present study

Histological changes in human gallbladder mucosa due to cholelithiasis

To observe the histological changes in gallbladder mucosa due to Cholelithiasis. Observational study. This study was carried out at Department of Surgery, Anatomy and Pathology of Isra University Hospital and Institute of Biochemistry Sindh University Jamshoro. Sixty nine cases of Cholelithiasis undergoing surgery were included in this study. After operation the gall bladders were obtained and fixed in 10% formalin. Gall bladder stone were obtained and their analysis was done in the Institute of Biochemistry Sindh University Jamshoro. Gross examination of gall bladders was done and for microscopy after hematoxylin and eosin staining, sections were obtained from the fundus, body and neck of the gallbladder. Additional sections were taken from grossly abnormal looking areas. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0. Chi square test was used to determine statistical significance between categorical groups [p<0.5]. It was observed that size of gall bladder were normal in 41 [59.4%], increased in 20 [29.0%] and shrunken in 08 [11.6%] cases. The mucosal changes seen in Cholelithiasis include, Cholestrolosis in 18 [26.08%], ulceration 07 [10.1%], atrophy 12 [17.4%] and lymphocytic infiltration in 67 [97%] cases. Cholelithiasis produced a series of histopathological changes in the gallbladder mucosa. These changes have no relation with type of gall stone

Are students of Isra university sleep deprived; a prospective study

To assess the sleep pattern of students of Isra University using Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Epworth sleepiness scale. Descriptive study. This study was conducted at Isra University medical college Hyderabad Sind from Jan 2010 to June 2010. One hundred medical students of various batches of Isra University were randomly selected for this study. There were 57 females and 43 males. All were given instructions to fill the questionnaires of Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Epworth sleepiness scale. These were then collected and analyzed. Among the students mean Epworth score was 8.37 +/- .342 and the mean Pittsburgh score was 5.99 +/- 0.322. Pittsburgh score was above the reference value. There was no difference in these scores between male and female students. In 34% students, Epworth score was above 9 and in 55% students Pittsburgh score was above 5. Both scores were higher in more female students than males. 26% students had less duration of sleep and 13% had difficulty in daily routine due to insufficient sleep. It is concluded that Sleep as assessed by using Epworth sleepiness scale was within normal range. Mean Pittsburgh sleep quality index was above normal range indicating poor sleep quality. Duration of sleep was mainly affected

Evaluation of corticotropin releasing hormone [CRH] in preeclampsia

To evaluate the level of CRH in normal pregnancy and compare it with pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia. Case controlled prospective. The study was carried out in the department of physiology and clinical lab of Isra University Hyderabad. Forty three diagnosed cases of preeclampsia were selected in their 31-34 weeks of gestation. Forty three age and gestational matched controls were included who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Blood sample was taken and level of CRH was determined by ELISA method by specific kit. Mean CRH value in cases of preeclampsia at 31-34 weeks of gestation was 60.33 + 10.47 ng/ml. The mean CRH value in age and gestational age matched controls was 50.03 + 09.33 ng/ml. The mean CRH value was significantly higher in preeclampsia patients as compared to the controls [p < .001]. It is concluded that CRH levels are significantly raised in preeclampsia as compared to the normal pregnancy. This indicates a possible role of stress in preeclampsia

Iron status in pregnancy complicated with preeclampsia

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the iron-status in preeclampsia and a possible contributory role of iron in the etiology of preeclampsia. The study subjects were classified into two groups, normal healthy pregnant women as a control and preeclamptic group. The blood was used for estimation of hemoglobin and haematocrit while serum was used to assess the serum iron, total iron binding capacity [TIBC] and serum ferritin. Significantly increased levels of iron, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation were found in preeclamptic as compared to control group. The total iron binding capacity [TIBC] and unsaturated iron binding capacity [UIBC] were significantly decreased in preeclamptic group as compared to the control group. It was concluded from this study that increased level of serum iron may be implicated in oxidative stress in preeclampsia but no positive correlation was found between serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity and elevated blood pressure in preeclamptic group

Stroke in elderly; identification of risk factors

This study was undertaken to identify stroke risk factors prevalent in our elderly population. The subjects included 100 consecutive stroke patients with recent stroke, at or above the age of fifty years, both sexes inclusive, who presented at medical units of Liaquat Medical College Hospital Hyderabad. A detailed history of the patients was taken, thorough clinical examination was done and various laboratory tests were carried out to identify all the possible risk factors for stroke in the subjects. Most important risk factors prevalent in our population were found to be hypertension [64%], diabetes mellitus [29%], smoking [29%], heart disease [23%], obesity [17%] and hypercholestremia [15%]. It is concluded that in elderly stroke patients, many risk factors are identified. Awareness of these risk factors, their early and effective treatment and adaptation of various preventive measures is warranted

Management of vipride snake bite

In the present study management of protocol of 50 cases of snake bites were studied. Twelve had no signs of envenomation while 38 had features of poisoning and were treated. Most of the patients, had poor knowledge of first aid measures and great fear of snake. First aid measures were provided. The hospital treatment included use of anti snake venom. ATS, blood transfusion, steroids, intravenous fluid, and broad spectrum antibiotics. Five patients developed acute renal failure and 2 presented with acute circulatory collapse. All were managed by specific medical therapy. Neither any patient expired nor needed any surgical intervention