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1.
Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The]. 2018; 70 (9): 1539-1543
em Inglês | IMEMR | ID: emr-192689

RESUMO

Introduction: The pathway of glycogen metabolism is regulated by many hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and corticosteroids. Glycogen storage diseases [GSD] most commonly affect muscles, liver, or both and occur in each 20000 to 43000 live birth. They are classified into 12 subtypes, but types I, II, and IX are the most common


Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, from January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: glycogen storage diseases, Von Gierke disease, Pompe's disease, Cori Disease, Forbes disease, Andersen's disease, McArdle disease, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal hepatomegaly


Aim: In this review, we aim to study the genetic basis, diagnosis, presentation, and different management approach to various common types of glycogen storage diseases prevalent in pediatric population


Conclusion: There are no cures for any type of glycogen storage diseases presently. Most treatments are designed to control signs and symptoms. The overall goals are primarily avoiding hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. Liver transplantation should be deliberated for patients with GSD type IV and for other progressive hepatic types of GSDs in order to avoid hepatic failure or malignancy. More research must be carried out to develop newer and more effective ways of management

2.
Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The]. 2018; 70 (10): 1873-1876
em Inglês | IMEMR | ID: emr-192730

RESUMO

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common gastrointestinal cause of admission in emergency departments worldwide with about 10% inpatient mortality rate that has not decreased during the last three decades


Aim: In this review, we aim to study the pathophysiology behind the development of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and explore the approach to its management in emergency situation


Materials and Methods: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: upper gastro intestinal bleeding, variceal bleeding, emergency management of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, varices, esophageal bleeding


Results: Managing patients with bleeding varices must have two goals that should be considered: to stop the bleeding, and to prevent rebleeding since 60% of patients will rebleed after the acute bleeding was stopped leading to a mortality rate of 33%, unless adequately treated


Conclusion: Bleeding varices are always considered urgent emergencies due to associated morbidity and mortality. Moreover, bleeding varices can cause hemodynamic instability and end-organ failure. The most important intervention is therapeutic endoscopy. Other approaches include vasoactive drugs, and prophylactic antibiotics. After acute management of the bleeding, patients should undergo further evaluation and treatment to prevent the recurrence of another bleeding

3.
Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The]. 2018; 70 (11): 1918-1920
em Inglês | IMEMR | ID: emr-192739

RESUMO

Aim of the work: the contact lenses are widely used for management of refractive errors and cosmetic purposes as well. Their complications are rare and usually caused by in appropriate maintenance of the lens and bad habits for wearing too long


Methodology: all the English data related to the subjects were collected after reviewing Pubmed, SCOPUS, Science Direct and other search engines


Results: this review showed the most common complications, risk factors and management of diseases related to contact lens wearing. Each problem was described by its symptoms, risk factors and management as well as prognosis


Conclusion: the selection of proper lens and education about the lens care system is efficient for reducing the complications related to contact lens

4.
Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The]. 2018; 70 (11): 2022-2024
em Inglês | IMEMR | ID: emr-192759

RESUMO

Background: Nasal polyposis are considered a sign or a physical finding rather than a disease resulting from a complex process that is found in some individuals, such as people suffering from chronic sinusitis, rhinitis, Kartagener's syndrome, or cystic fibrosis. Sinonasal polyps can have four distinct histological subtypes, which include eosinophilic polyp, chronic inflammatory polyp, hyperplastic polyp, and polyp with stromal atypia


Aim: In this review, we aim to study the presentation, classification and diagnosis of nasal polyps in the light of histopathological findings


Materials and methods: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: nasal polyp, inflammation of nasal mucosa, chronic inflammation, histology of nasal mucosa, pathology of nasal polyps


Conclusion: Polyposis does not have histological problems and complications. However, they may be clinically disturbing. Polyps are not classified into allergic and non-allergic, and are rather stratified according to histological findings, making histological investigation crucial for diagnosis

5.
Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The]. 2018; 70 (12): 2067-2071
em Inglês | IMEMR | ID: emr-192767

RESUMO

Introduction: The pathway of glycogen metabolism is regulated by many hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and corticosteroids. Glycogen storage diseases [GSD] most commonly affect muscles, liver, or both and occur in each 20000 to 43000 live birth. They are classified into 12 subtypes, but types I, II, and IX are the most common


Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, from January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: glycogen storage diseases, Von Gierke disease, Pompe's disease, Cori Disease, Forbes disease, Andersen's disease, McArdle disease, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal hepatomegaly


Aim: In this review, we aim to study the genetic basis, diagnosis, presentation, and different management approach to various common types of glycogen storage diseases prevalent in pediatric population


Conclusion: There are no cures for any type of glycogen storage diseases presently. Most treatments are designed to control signs and symptoms. The overall goals are primarily avoiding hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. Liver transplantation should be deliberated for patients with GSD type IV and for other progressive hepatic types of GSDs in order to avoid hepatic failure or malignancy. More research must be carried out to develop newer and more effective ways of management

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