Lower extrimity amputation in diabetic patient

To evaluate the frequency of lower limb amputations in diabetic patients, hence emphasizing the importance of timely surgical intervention in salvage of lower limb and to reduce the morbidity and mortality. This descriptive study was conducted in Nishtar Hospital, Multan over a period of one year extending from January 2004 to December 2004. One hundred patients were included in the study. The incidence of amputations rose steeply with age; most amputation occurred in patients over 60 year. The incidence was a higher in men than in women. The incidences of major amputations were 32% than that of minor amputations. The main out come variables were the number of repeat operations and hospitalization for salvage of limb with recurrent or persistent infection, and time to complete forefoot healing or foot amputation. Amputations performed at healthy zones reduce the hospital stay of the patient but mortality was more consistently for proximal amputations

Diagnostic yield of fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy [FNAC/FNAB] in localized lung lesions

Bronchogenic carcinoma is towards increase day by day and today remains the leading cause of cancer death in both sexes. Tobacco smoking, increasing industrialization, environmental pollution and certain occupations are the major risk factors associated with bronchogenic carcinoma. To describe the diagnostic yield of fine needle aspiration cytology/biopsy [FNAC/FNAB] in the bronchogenic carcinoma. All male and female patients above the age of 12 years with clinical and radiological evidence of a localized lung mass with strong clinical suspicion of malignancy were included. All patients with proved cystic or vascular lesions and those with lesions looking clearly as consolidation on radiograph were excluded. The age ranged from 18-72 years. In a total of 50 cases, 35 [70%] were male and 15 [30%] were female. Out of 50 patients, 38 [76%] belonged to urban area and 12 [24%] belonged to rural area. Details about the smoking habits along with type, degree and duration of smoking were obtained in all cases. In present study the commonest symptom was cough present in 40 [80%] cases, followed by chest pain in 35 [70%]. Anemia was found to be most common sign and it was detected in 18 [36%] cases followed by clubbing or the fingers, 15 [30%] cases. Chest radiograph showed right lung involvement in 28 [56%] cases and left lung was involved in remaining 22 [44%] cases. The lung has definite diagnostic role in lung lesions particularly those situated peripherally

Comparison of bronchoscopy and FNA in diagnosing local lung lesion [centrally located and peripherally located]

To compare the results of Bronchoscopy and FNA in diagnostic local lung lesion. This descriptive study of 50 patients was conducted in the Pulmonary Department of Nishtar Hospital, Multan during the period of one year extending from September 2003 to August 2005. The youngest patient in the study group was an 18 years old boy, while the oldest patient was also a male of 72 years male to female ratio was 2.3:1. In a total of 50 cases, 25 [70%] were male and 15 [30%] were female. Sex distribution is shown in. The incidence of complication was very low. Out of 50 cases in which FNAC was performed only 11 [22%] patients complained of chest pain at the site where FNA was done. The overall diagnostic yield of FNA in localized lung lesions in high in this study [86%]. Frequency of complications with fine needle aspiration is very low. FNA is more useful in our setting where patients cannot afford more expensive procedures