Phytochemical studies and anti-ulcerative colitis effect of Moringa oleifera seeds and Egyptian propolis methanol extracts in a rat model

Objective: To analyze the phytochemical constituents, and to explore potential protective effect of the methanol extract of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) seeds and Egyptian propolis, each alone or concurrently administered on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Methods: Eight groups of 5 rats each were used: normal control group with distilled water, model group, two groups with M. oleifera seeds (100 and 200 mg/kg), two groups with propolis (50 and 100 mg/kg), one group with concurrent administration of both, and one group with prednisolone (reference drug). Macro-and microscopic picture, ulcer index and lesion scores, oxidative markers, inflammatory mediators, in vitro activity of the inflammatory enzymes and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals scavenging activity were evaluated. The phytochemical constituents of both extracts were explored by GC-MS analysis. Results: Both treatments modulated the macro-and microscopic picture, decreased the ulcerative index, lesion score, oxidative markers and inflammatory mediators, and inhibited the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Propolis appeared to be powerful free radicals scavenger. A powerful synergistic effect of both treatments in modulating the course of the disease was reported. GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of M. oleifera seeds and propolis revealed the presence of 50 and 34 compounds, respectively. Conclusions: M. oleifera seeds and propolis methanol extracts have modulated the course of acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. Moreover, both treatments induce a good synergistic effect against the disease. Isolation of the active constituents is recommended.

Phytochemical, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of different fractions of Moringa oleifera leaves methanol extract against liver injury in animal model

Objective: To evaluate the potential antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of n-hexane, dichloromethane(DCM), ethyl acetate(EtOAc), n-butanol and aqueous fractions of Moringa oleifera(M. oleifera) leaves methanol extract against carbon tetrachloride(CCl

Phytochemical, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of different fractions of Moringa oleifera leaves methanol extract against liver injury in animal model

Objective:To evaluate the potential antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of n-hexane, dichloromethane(DCM), ethyl acetate(EtOAc), n-butanol and aqueous fractions of Moringa oleifera(M. oleifera) leaves methanol extract against carbon tetrachloride(CClMethods:These fractions were prepared from the M. oleifera leaves methanol extract by solubilization in water and partitioning in n-hexane, EtOAc, DCM and n-butanol. Their phyto-components were identified by GC-MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant effect of these fractions was carried out by assessment of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. A total of 40 Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into 8 equal groups: group 1 given olive oil (1 mL/kg b.wt.), group 2 injected with CClResults:The GC-MS analysis of different fractions of the M. oleifera leaves methanol extract revealed that n-hexane, DCM, EtOAc, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions contained 17, 22, 23, 19 and 32 compounds, respectively. The percent and the molecular structure of each component in each fraction were identified. The n-butanol and EtOAc fractions exhibited the strongest in vitro antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. CClConclusions:n-hexane, DCM, and aqueous fractions have the highest effectiveness against CCl

Evaluating the hepatoprotective effects of some Egyptian plant extracts against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

METHANOL extract of Alhagi maurorun, Conyza dioscoridis, and Bidens bipinnata were evaluated for any hepatoprotective effects. Preliminary phytochemical studies were carried out to find their constituents. The acute toxicity of increased doses was studied in mice. Carbon tetrachloride [CCI[4]] increased serum aminotransferases [ALT, AST] and GGT activities and decreased serum glucose, total bilirubin and triglycerides levels. Rats treated with CCI[4] showed severe degenerative and necrotic changes [centrolobular] in the hepatocytes. Oral administration of methanol extract [1000 mg kg[-1]] of Alhagi maurorum. Conyza dioscoridis and Bidens bipinnata significantly inhibited these deleterious effects indicating hepatoprotective effects. Alhagi maurorum followed by Bidens bipinnata were the most effective. No toxic symptoms were reported in doses up to 2.5 g kg[-1]. Unsaturated sterols, triterpenes, tannins, flavonoids and carbohydrates and/or glycosides were the major active constituents

Agonists-induced endothelium dependent relaxation of histamine-contracted bovine carotid artery

The role of the endothelium in the contraction by histamine and the relaxation by acetylcholine, adenosine triphoaphate and methyldopa was studied in the isolated carotid artery of calves. Mechanical removal of the endothelium was confirmed histologically by silver staining technique. Histamine induced a concentration-dependent contraction of the carotid arterial rings. This effect was markedly decreased after removal of the endothelial cells and after preincubation with verapamil. Acetylcholine, adenosine triphosphate and methyldopa induced an endothelium dependent relaxation of the arterial rings. The effect of acetylcholine was blocked competitively by atropine. The relaxation by acetyleholine and methyldopa was potentiated by verapamil, but the relaxation by adenosine triphosphate was not. The relaxation by the three agonists was not influenced by inhibition of prostaglandin or phospholipase synthesis. These results suggest that both cholinergic muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic receptors are involved in the relaxation in the presence of endothelial cells