RESUMO
A traqueostomia percutânea tem substituído a traqueostomia convencional em muitas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, devido à facilidade e segurança do método realizado à beira do leito, dispensando o transporte do paciente da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva para o Centro Cirúrgico. Alguns autores sugerem que a dissecção limitada resulta em menor dano tecidual, diminui o risco de sangramento e infecção de ferida operatória. Esta revisão visa analisar e sintetizar estudos prospectivos e randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises, comparando a traqueostomia percutânea e traqueostomia convencional em pacientes adultos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva.
OBJECTIVES: The percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy has become the technique of choice in the Intensive Care Unit, due safety and facilities to be performed at bedside, wich may overcome the risks associated with transport of critically ill patients to the Operating Room. Proponents of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy suggest that the limited dissection results in less tissue damage, lowers the risk of bleeding and wound infection. The aim of this study is to review the techniques of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy through a critical analysis of it's indications, contra-indications and complications, as well to compare percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy to surgical tracheostomy. This manuscript analysis and synthesizes randomized prospective studies, meta-analysis and systematic reviews, comparing both techniques in adult critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit.