Incidence of upper respiratory tract infection and duration of weekly training among Japanese collegiate male and female athlete / 体力科学

Strenuous exercise induces upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), whereas moderate exercise prevents URTI. This study aimed to assess the incidence of URTI and the association between URTI episodes and exercise duration in Japanese collegiate athletes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,740 participants; 1,235 responses were eligible for analysis. Participants were classified into three groups: control group (weekly total exercise duration <60 min, n=405), exercise group (weekly total exercise duration >60 min, n=193), and athlete group (joined a sports club and weekly exercise frequency >5 days, n=637). We requested the following information from participants: basic characteristics, incidence of URTI symptoms (fever, runny or plugged nose, sore throat, and cough) or influenza for each month over the past year, day of the week exercise is typically performed, and duration of exercise per week. The incidence of URTI episodes per year was significantly lower in the athlete group (2.0 ± 2.4 episodes) compared to the control group (2.6 ± 2.4 episodes, p<0.001). The incidence of URTI episodes did not significantly differ between the control group and exercise group (2.9 ± 2.9 episodes, p=0.607). Although the frequency of URTI episodes and exercise duration were not significantly associated among male athletes (p=0.209), they were positively associated in female athletes (p=0.027). These results indicate that Japanese collegiate athletes experience fewer URTI episodes than non-athletes, but athletes who exercise for long durations may frequently experience URTI, particularly female athletes.

Efeito do fluoreto no osso de camundongos com diferentes susceptibilidades genéticas à fluorose: uma análise proteômica / Effect of fluoride on bone of mice with different genetic susceptibilities to fluorosis: a proteomic analysis

Tem sido demonstrado que fatores genéticos influenciam a resposta do osso e esmalte ao fluoreto (F), mas os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos não estão bem definidos. No presente estudo, foi empregada uma abordagem proteômica livre de marcadores para identificar e avaliar alterações na expressão de proteínas ósseas em duas linhagens de camundongos com diferentes susceptibilidades à fluorose (A/J susceptível e 129P3/J resistente). Camundongos machos das linhagens 129P3/J e A/J foram distribuídos em três grupos para cada linhagem, que receberam ração com baixa concentração de F e água de beber contendo 0, 10 e 50 ppm F por 8 semanas. A concentração de F foi analisada no plasma e fêmur. A atividade da fosfatase alcalina foi dosada no plasma. Fêmur, tíbia e vértebra lombar foram submetidos à análise por micro-CT. A taxa de aposição mineral (MAR) também foi avaliada no osso cortical dos camundongos. Em adição, eletroforese unidimensional e cromatografia líquida - espectrometria de massas sequencial (LC-ESI-MS/MS) foram utilizadas para identificar e caracterizar as proteínas de fêmur da linhagem 129P3/J. Para análise proteômica quantitativa, proteínas ósseas foram extraídas para cada grupo empregando quatro diferentes etapas: (a) tampão PBS (pH 7,4) por 24h, (b) tampão de Guanidina HCl 4 M / Tris HCl 50 mM (pH 7,4) por 96 h, (c) tampão EDTA 0,5 M / Tris HCl 50 mM (pH 7,4) por 96 h, e por último (d) tampão de Guanidina HCl 4 M / Tris HCl 50 mM (pH 7,4) por 96 h. As proteínas ósseas extraídas para cada grupo foram separadamente submetidas ao LC-ESI-MS/MS, seguido da análise semi-quantitativa de diferença de expressão proteica livre de marcadores. Foram identificadas várias proteínas ósseas com alteração na abundância entre os 3 tratamentos com F para cada linhagem e entre as duas linhagens para cada tratamento com F (razão 1,5 or 0,5, respectivamente). O F promoveu alterações na expressão de proteínas envolvidas na osteogênese e osteoclastogênese de maneira distinta...

Genetic factors have been shown to influence bone and enamel responses to fluoride (F), but the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, a label-free proteomics approach was employed to identify and evaluate changes in bone protein expression of two mouse strains with different susceptibilities to fluorosis (A/J a susceptible strain, 129P3/J a resistant strain). Male 129P3/J and A/J mice were assigned to three groups given low-F food and water containing 0, 10 or 50 ppmF for 8 weeks. Plasma and femur were analyzed for F levels. Plasma was also evaluated for alkaline phosphatase activity. Femurs, tibiae and lumbar vertebrae were subjected to micro-CT analysis. Mineral apposition rate (MAR) was also measured in mice cortical bone. In addition, unidimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography/Tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to identify and characterize the femur protein profile from 129P3/J mouse strain. For quantitative proteomic analysis, bone proteins were extracted using four different steps: (a) PBS buffer (pH 7.4) for 24h, (b) 4 M Guanidine HCl/50 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.4) for 96 h, (c) 0.5 M EDTA/50 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.4) for 96 h, followed by (d) 4 M Guanidine HCl/50 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.4) for 96 h. Bone proteins extracted from each group were separately subjected to LC-ESI-MS/MS, followed by label-free semi-quantitative differential expression analysis. Changes in many bone proteins abundance were found among the F treatment groups for each mouse strain and between the strains for each F treatment group (ratio 1.5 or 0.5, respectively). F led to alterations in expression of proteins involved in osteogenesis and osteoclatogenesis in a different way for each strain. Although F treatment had no significant effects on BMD and histomorphometric measurements for both strains, mineral apposition rate (MAR) was higher in 129P3/J mice treated...

Efeito do fluoreto no osso de camundongos com diferentes susceptibilidades genéticas à fluorose: uma análise proteômica / Effect of fluoride on bone of mice with different genetic susceptibilities to fluorosis: a proteomic analysis

Tem sido demonstrado que fatores genéticos influenciam a resposta do osso e esmalte ao fluoreto (F), mas os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos não estão bem definidos. No presente estudo, foi empregada uma abordagem proteômica livre de marcadores para identificar e avaliar alterações na expressão de proteínas ósseas em duas linhagens de camundongos com diferentes susceptibilidades à fluorose (A/J susceptível e 129P3/J resistente). Camundongos machos das linhagens 129P3/J e A/J foram distribuídos em três grupos para cada linhagem, que receberam ração com baixa concentração de F e água de beber contendo 0, 10 e 50 ppm F por 8 semanas. A concentração de F foi analisada no plasma e fêmur. A atividade da fosfatase alcalina foi dosada no plasma. Fêmur, tíbia e vértebra lombar foram submetidos à análise por micro-CT. A taxa de aposição mineral (MAR) também foi avaliada no osso cortical dos camundongos. Em adição, eletroforese unidimensional e cromatografia líquida - espectrometria de massas sequencial (LC-ESI-MS/MS) foram utilizadas para identificar e caracterizar as proteínas de fêmur da linhagem 129P3/J. Para análise proteômica quantitativa, proteínas ósseas foram extraídas para cada grupo empregando quatro diferentes etapas: (a) tampão PBS (pH 7,4) por 24h, (b) tampão de Guanidina HCl 4 M / Tris HCl 50 mM (pH 7,4) por 96 h, (c) tampão EDTA 0,5 M / Tris HCl 50 mM (pH 7,4) por 96 h, e por último (d) tampão de Guanidina HCl 4 M / Tris HCl 50 mM (pH 7,4) por 96 h. As proteínas ósseas extraídas para cada grupo foram separadamente submetidas ao LC-ESI-MS/MS, seguido da análise semi-quantitativa de diferença de expressão proteica livre de marcadores. Foram identificadas várias proteínas ósseas com alteração na abundância entre os 3 tratamentos com F para cada linhagem e entre as duas linhagens para cada tratamento com F (razão 1,5 or 0,5, respectivamente). O F promoveu alterações na expressão de proteínas envolvidas na osteogênese e osteoclastogênese de maneira distinta...

Genetic factors have been shown to influence bone and enamel responses to fluoride (F), but the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, a label-free proteomics approach was employed to identify and evaluate changes in bone protein expression of two mouse strains with different susceptibilities to fluorosis (A/J a susceptible strain, 129P3/J a resistant strain). Male 129P3/J and A/J mice were assigned to three groups given low-F food and water containing 0, 10 or 50 ppmF for 8 weeks. Plasma and femur were analyzed for F levels. Plasma was also evaluated for alkaline phosphatase activity. Femurs, tibiae and lumbar vertebrae were subjected to micro-CT analysis. Mineral apposition rate (MAR) was also measured in mice cortical bone. In addition, unidimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography/Tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to identify and characterize the femur protein profile from 129P3/J mouse strain. For quantitative proteomic analysis, bone proteins were extracted using four different steps: (a) PBS buffer (pH 7.4) for 24h, (b) 4 M Guanidine HCl/50 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.4) for 96 h, (c) 0.5 M EDTA/50 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.4) for 96 h, followed by (d) 4 M Guanidine HCl/50 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.4) for 96 h. Bone proteins extracted from each group were separately subjected to LC-ESI-MS/MS, followed by label-free semi-quantitative differential expression analysis. Changes in many bone proteins abundance were found among the F treatment groups for each mouse strain and between the strains for each F treatment group (ratio 1.5 or 0.5, respectively). F led to alterations in expression of proteins involved in osteogenesis and osteoclatogenesis in a different way for each strain. Although F treatment had no significant effects on BMD and histomorphometric measurements for both strains, mineral apposition rate (MAR) was higher in 129P3/J mice treated...