Impact of intrinsic foot muscle training on foot posture and foot functional activity among female kathak dancers with flat feet

Background: Kathak being one of the very complex Indian classical dance forms, has a greater emphasis on foot work thus putting substantial amount of stress over foot which leads to weakness of intrinsic foot muscles, flat foot and functional impairments. Hence current study aimed to study the impact of intrinsic foot muscle strengthening on foot posture and functional activity among female kathak dancers with flat feet. Methods: In this Quasi-Experimental Study, 30 females kathak dancers with flat feet between the age group of 18-40 were selected according the inclusion and exclusion criteria from different Kathak dance academies in Pimpri and Pune. All participants were given intrinsic foot muscle strengthening (5 exercises) for 2 times a week for 4 weeks which were progressed after 2 weeks. Pre and post treatment assessments were done for foot deviations and foot functional activity by Foot posture index and foot function index respectively. Results: Paired T test for pre and post treatment analysis was done with statistical. significant at P<0.05 and 95% confidence interval. FFI score was reduced post treatment with mean difference of 1.26 which was statistically insignificant (p>0.05) but clinically significant. There was no statistically as well as clinically significant difference between the pre and post treatment FPI scores of both right and left leg (p>0.05). Conclusions: Intrinsic foot muscle training showed clinically significant improvement in foot function index but did not show any improvement in foot posture.

Comparison of knowledge and perception about adverse drug reaction reporting and pharmacovigilance between pharmacy and medical students

Background: Adverse drug responses are serious public health issues worldwide. Pharmacovigilance (PV) is an important part of the healthcare system since it assesses, monitors, and discovers medication interactions and their consequences in humans. Objective were to assess knowledge and perception about adverse drug reactions (ADR) and PV among pharmacy and medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for pre-final year and final-year of pharmacy and medical students. Study conducted through semi structured questionnaires and a total 607 participants were recruited in this study. Results: A total 607 participants of pharmacy (52.5%) and medical (47.4%) from pre final (50.2%), final year (49.9%) students participated in this study. Pharmacy students had a significantly better overall knowledge of ADRs than medical students (p<0.05). The perception of pharmacy students regarding ADRs reporting and PV were significantly more than those medical student’s (p<0.05). In comparison to pharmacy students, a lack of knowledge of where and how to report ADRs was the main barrier that medical students perceived to ADR reporting (0.02). Conclusions: This study shows that compared to medical students, pharmacy students had better awareness of ADR reporting and shown good perceptions of PV. To enhance the knowledge of PV among healthcare students, an instructional intervention ought to be implemented.

Understanding the knowledge and experience of menarche among secondary school female students in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria

Background: Menstruation, a key physiological change in females of reproductive age, necessitates providing young girls with crucial information on menarche to better prepare them. Methods: This study assessed the knowledge and experience of menarche among secondary school female students in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria, utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional survey method. Conducted from August to September 2023, the study involved 420 participants and employed multistage sampling for selection. Results: The findings revealed a paradoxical decrease in the mean age of menarche to 12.02 +/- 1.15 years, with most girls experiencing menarche at age 13. Notably, 91.4% of participants had substantial knowledge of menarche, primarily acquired from mothers. Although 86.9% recognized menarche as a normal puberty change, experiences varied: 45.5% felt normal, 39.3% were afraid, and 12.9% felt ashamed during their menarche. Conclusions: The study concludes that despite high awareness levels, poor menarche experiences prevail due to inadequate preparation. It recommends enhanced awareness campaigns in schools, spearheaded by NGOs and health workers, to educate and prepare young girls for menarche effectively.

Addressing substance abuse among healthcare professionals in a tertiary healthcare facility in Nigeria: a case study of Nnamdi Azikiwe university teaching hospital

Background: The use of psychoactive substances is prevalent worldwide, including among healthcare workers whose well-being, productivity, and effectiveness in addressing substance addiction in patients and the wider community can be significantly impacted. However, the extent of substance misuse among healthcare professionals in Nigeria, with its substantial social and public health implications, remains poorly understood. This research focused on the prevalence, attitudes, substances used, and influencing factors regarding substance misuse among staff at Nnamdi Azikiwe university teaching hospital (NAUTH) in Nnewi. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 194 healthcare workers, using a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected via a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Results were presented in tables, considering p values less than 0.05 as significant. Results: Of the 197 respondents, 63.5% were female and 36.5% male, spanning various professions including doctors, nurses, and other healthcare specialists. Notably, 66% of participants had used substances in their lifetime. Alcohol was the most commonly abused substance, with significant percentages of moderate and high-risk users. Socialization and peer pressure were identified as the predominant factors influencing substance use, with significant statistical associations found between substance use and variables such as profession, sex, and duration of practice. Conclusions: The study highlighted a considerable prevalence of alcohol use among healthcare workers, who generally held a moderate view towards substance misuse and identified socialization and peer pressure as key factors. These findings underscore the pressing need for targeted training and intervention strategies for substance addiction among healthcare workers in Nigeria.

Anthropometric measurements and agility performance in amateur roller skaters: a correlational study

Background: Research on the body structure of roller skaters has identified that anthropometric attributes are desirable in this sport for a better performance. Leg length has a definite decisive advantage in sport. Explosive leg power is very essential for roller skating as it requires speed, agility and quickness which can be associated with lower limb muscle girth. Hence, it is important to examine the contribution of limb length, calf and thigh muscle circumference, to agility performance. Methods: 30 healthy amateur roller skaters within age group of 6 to 14 years were assessed for anthropometric measurements – lower limb length, thigh circumference, calf circumference measurement. Participants performed a standardized warm-up of moderate-intensity jogging (5-10 min), static and dynamic stretching (5 min) and brief bouts of high-intensity running, including changes in direction on the ground. They performed agility tests in order of Edgren side step test, t-test and Illinois agility test based on test direction, progressing from uniplanar movements to biplanar and concluding with multidirectional movements. Each test was performed twice with 1-minute rest period between each trial, and a 2 min rest period between each test. Results: Pearson’s correlation showed that lower limb length have a moderately positive correlation with agility (r=0.5-0.7) whereas calf and thigh muscle circumference have a strong positive correlation with agility (r=0.7-0.8) stating that anthropometric measurements have a statistically significant correlation with agility performance with p<0.05. Conclusions: Anthropometric measurements such as lower limb length, thigh and calf circumferences have a moderate to strong positive correlation with agility performances of healthy amateur roller skaters within the age group of 6-14 years..

Effect of traditional birth attendants-led health education intervention on utilization of skilled birth care in West Pokot County, Kenya

Background: Globally, between 2000 and 2017, maternal mortality ratio declined by 38%, with global lifetime risk of maternal death falling from 1 in 73 to 1 in 180, respectively. In West Pokot County, Kenya, over half of deliveries are managed by traditional birth attendants. The study investigated the effect of TBAs-led intervention on utilization of skilled birth care in this County. Methods: The study employed a prospective experimental design. In the intervention arm, TBAs were recruited and trained on SBC. They were assigned expectant mothers and followed until they delivered their babies. Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between variables. Binary logistic regression was used to compare utilization of SBC between the intervention and control sites. Results: Majority of mothers (95%) in the intervention arm of the study went for TBAs’ services , and 79.5% of those in the control did the same. Most mothers in the intervention (81.4%) delivered in health care facility compared to 58.2% in the control (?2=21.256, p<0.001). There was a significant difference in the odds of mothers utilizing SBC between intervention and control groups. Those in the intervention group were almost 3 times more likely to utilize SBC than those in the control group (UOR; 95% CI: 3.137; 1.909-5.155). Conclusions: TBAs-led intervention increased utilization of SBC among mothers in the intervention compared to those in the control arm who utilized available ministry of health’s standard care.

Assessment of knowledge and attitude on breast self-examination among female college students at Adichuchanagiri University

Background: Breast self-examination (BSE) is a preventive and easy way for people to keep an eye on the health of their breasts. People who routinely examine their breasts may be able to identify changes or abnormalities at an early stage, which may help in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. This self-care routine encourages an active approach to breast health and actively participate in their own well-being. Objectives of the study were assessment of the knowledge and attitude on breast self-examination among female college students, to assess the major barrier to perform breast self-examination, and to assess the impact of pharmacist mediated education program on breast cancer. Methods: This study is an interventional cross-sectional community based-survey. 1007 students’ female college students at Adichuchanagiri University in B. G. Nagar belonging to 18-33 years were chosen at random using stratified sampling. Knowledge, attitude on breast cancer. Data was analyzed using statistical package for the social science (SPSS) version 25. Results: In pre-test out of 1007 students 251 students had good knowledge about breast self-examination. In post-test 1006 members had good knowledge about breast self-examination. In our study statistical relation found between pre and post questionnaires (p=0.001). Conclusions: The study emphasizes how important it is to launch educational programs to increase awareness of breast self-examination. Additionally, awareness needs to be raised by removing known barriers. It is important to encourage women in the community to self-examine their breasts and to report any changes to a doctor as soon as possible.

Changing trends in cardiovascular risk factors among adults in southern Nigeria

Background: Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) cause 17.9 million deaths yearly. In nations like Nigeria, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, coupled with modifiable behaviors such as physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking, and alcohol use, are rising. This study focused on assessing the evolving prevalence and distribution of CVD risk factors among adults in southern Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in Port Harcourt, Rivers state, was part of world heart day celebrations over three years (September 2019-September 2023). 309 adults participated, undergoing screening for blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and body mass index calculated from weight and height measurements. Results: Over three years, 309 subjects (mean age 46.63�.03) were studied, with 53.40% females and 46.28% males. Most cardiovascular risk factors occurred in the 41-50 age group. Hypertension rose from 65.63% (2019) to 75.29% (2023), dipping to 64.79% (2022). Obesity decreased from 29.69% (2019) to 24.71% (2023), rising to 30.99% (2022). Diabetes increased from 23.44% (2019) to 27.59% (2023), decreasing to 19.71% (2022). Total cholesterol rose from 1.56% (2019) to 2.9% (2023). High LDL increased from 3.12% (2019) to 12.7% (2023). Low HDL and high TRIG decreased from 2019 to 2023. Conclusions: From 2019 to 2023, cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia increased, with a slight fluctuation in 2022. Heightened awareness and preventive measures against adult CVD risk factors are imperative. National education on risk factors is vital for individuals to monitor their blood pressure, weight, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.

Incidence of Parasitic Infections Among Individuals Living in Rural Areas of Delta State: Abraka Communities

This study provides an overview of the incidence of parasitic infections in individuals living in rural communities, highlighting the major parasites involved, risk factors, and potential interventions to mitigate the burden. This research work is therefore aimed at determining the incidence of parasitic infections among individuals living in rural areas. This study adopted a propulsive cross-sectional survey design to select fifty (50) individuals ranging from age twelve (12) to fifty-six (56) who met the inclusion criteria for the study which were recruited from rural areas specifically Abraka and its environs in Delta state, Nigeria. Stool samples were collected and brought immediately to the laboratory at the department for processing. The specimens were examined both macroscopically and microscopically for the presence of parasites. Parasitological standard examination methods were followed. Of the 50 stool samples, 22 were male and 28 were female. A total of 19 were positive for at least one parasite. Out of the total positive, Ascaris lumbricoides (78.9%) and Trichuris trichiura (21.1%) were present in stool samples. Parasitic infections were more prevalent in the age group (40-49) at 31.57% and the least prevalent age group (50-57) was 5.26%. It was also more prevalent in females than males at 52.64% respectively at 47.36%. The present study shows 38% parasitic infection which is still an important health problem in our region. Health awareness programs, personal hygiene, hand washing as well as the use of sanitary latrines to reduce the incidence of parasitic infections should be carried out in these communities.

Assessment of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and albumin in human immuno-deficiency virus-infected individuals with or without malaria parasite infection in Nauth, Nnewi, Nigeria

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection with malaria is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including Nigeria. Both infections have impact on the disease severity and progression. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study aimed to determine the serum soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and albumin in HIV/malaria-infected individuals attending the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic at Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital, (NAUTH) Nnewi, Nigeria. 168 randomly selected individuals aged 18-65 years grouped into 42 HIV-infected individuals on ART, 42 HIV-malaria c-o-infected individuals on ART, 42 malaria-infected individuals, and 42 apparently healthy individuals (control) were included in the study. Serum sICAM-1 and albumin were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bromocresol green technique respectively while CD4 T-cell count was obtained from the patients� records. Results: The mean serum sICAM-1, albumin and systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels were significantly higher in HIV individuals with and without malaria infection when compared with control participants (p<0.05) respectively. The mean CD4 T-cell count was significantly lower in HIV/malaria co-infected individuals when compared with HIV infected individuals (p <0.05). A significant negative correlation was observed between CD4 count and sICAM-1 both in HIV infected individuals and HIV-malaria co-infection (p<0.05). Conclusions: The increased sICAM-1, SBP with decreased albumin levels suggests inflammatory and vascular changes with reduced hepatic synthesis which may result in endothelial dysfunction, adverse cardiovascular conditions, and disease progression.

Diet of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in two conservation units of the Amazon rainforest, Brazil

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the diet of the free-living crab-eating fox by identifying the stomach contents of the 17 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) roadkilled in two conservation units, both located in the Amazon rainforest. The food items were quantified by frequency of occurrence (FO) and percentage of occurrence (PO). The stomach contents were analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE), and mineral matter (MM). Nitrogen-free extractives (NFE), metabolisable energy (ME) values, as well as the energy need for maintenance were estimated. The composition of the diet for the crab-eating fox presented 29 food items from the different taxonomic groups, with a greater diversity of items of animal origin (n=22), although the highest frequency of occurrence was gramineae (Poaceae) (41.18%). Among the items of animal origin, 21% were mammals, 18% reptiles, 10% amphibians, 9% invertebrates and 3% birds. A high content of CF (62.76%) were determined. Nitrogen-free extractive and dry matter averages were 5.91% and 141.82 kcal/100g, respectively. The average maintenance energy was 447.01 kcal/day. These findings suggesting that the crab-eating foxes have a generalist diet with an omnivorous diet in the Amazon basin, feeding on gramineae, fruits, insects, snakes, amphibians, birds and small mammals and have the same feeding habit that present in other Brazilian biomes.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar a dieta do cachorro-do-mato, de vida livre, por meio da identificação do conteúdo estomacal de 17 Cerdocyon thous atropelados em duas unidades de conservação da Floresta Amazônica. O conteúdo estomacal foi analisado e os itens alimentares foram quantificados pela frequência de ocorrência (FO) e percentagem de ocorrência (PO). Também foram avaliados os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra bruta (FB), extrato etéreo (EE) e, matéria mineral (MM). Foram estimados o extrativo não-nitrogenado (ENN), a energia metabolizável (EM) e a necessidade energética de manutenção. A composição da dieta do cachorro-do-mato apresentou 29 itens alimentares dos diferentes grupos taxonômicos, tendo uma maior diversidade de itens de origem animal (n=22), ainda que a maior FO tenha sido de gramíneas (Poaceae) (41.18%). Dentre os itens de origem animal, 21% eram mamíferos, 18% répteis, 10% anfíbios, 9% invertebrados e 3% aves. Determinou-se um alto teor de FB (62.76%). A média do ENN e da MS foi 5.91% e 141.82 kcal/100g, respectivamente. A média da energia de manutenção foi 447.01 kcal/dia. Estes achados sugerem que o cachorro-do-mato encontrado na Bacia Amazônica é um animal generalista com uma dieta onívora, se alimentando de gramíneas, frutos, insetos, serpentes, anfíbios, aves e pequenos mamíferos, portanto com o mesmo hábito alimentar relatado a esta espécie quando encontrada em outros biomas brasileiros.

Combining ability analysis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) for potential quality improvement

Abstract Combining ability analysis provides useful information for the selection of parents, also information regarding the nature and magnitude of involved gene actions. Crops improvement involves strategies for enhancing yield potentiality and quality components. Targeting the improvement of respective characters in bitter gourd, combining ability and genetic parameters for 19 characters were estimated from a 6×6 full diallel analysis technique. The results revealed that the variances due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for most of the important characters. It indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions. GCA variances were higher in magnitude than SCA variances for all the characters studied indicating the predominance of the additive gene effects in their inheritance. The parent P2 (BG 009) appeared as the best general combiner for earliness; P1 (BG 006) for number of fruits, average single fruit weight and fruit yield; P4 (BG 027) for node number of first female flower and days to seed fruit maturity; P3 (BG 011) for fruit length and thickness of the fruit flesh; P5 (BG 033) for 100-seed weight; and P6 for number of nodes per main vine. The SCA effect as well as reciprocal effect was also significant for most of the important characters in different crosses.

Resumo A análise da capacidade de combinação fornece informações úteis para a seleção dos pais, também informações sobre a natureza e a magnitude das ações dos genes envolvidos. A melhoria das safras envolve estratégias para aumentar a potencialidade da produção e os componentes de qualidade. Visando ao aprimoramento dos respectivos caracteres em cabaça-amarga, capacidade de combinação e parâmetros genéticos para 19 caracteres, foram estimados a partir de uma técnica de análise dialélica completa 6 × 6. Os resultados revelaram que as variâncias, devido à capacidade geral de combinação (GCA) e capacidade específica de combinação (SCA), foram altamente significativas para a maioria dos caracteres importantes. Indicou a importância das ações gênicas aditivas e não aditivas. As variâncias GCA foram maiores em magnitude do que as variâncias SCA para todos os caracteres estudados, indicando a predominância dos efeitos do gene aditivo em sua herança. O pai P2 (BG 009) apareceu como o melhor combinador geral para o início; P1 (BG 006) para número de frutos, peso médio de um único fruto e produção de frutos; P4 (BG 027) para número de nó da primeira flor fêmea e dias para a maturidade do fruto da semente; P3 (BG 011) para comprimento do fruto e espessura da polpa do fruto; P5 (BG 033) para peso de 100 sementes; e P6 para o número de nós por videira principal. O efeito SCA, bem como o efeito recíproco, também foi significativo para a maioria dos personagens importantes em cruzamentos diferentes.

Diet of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in two conservation units of the Amazon rainforest, Brazil / Dieta do cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) em duas unidades de conservação da Floresta Amazônica, Brasil

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the diet of the free-living crab-eating fox by identifying the stomach contents of the 17 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) roadkilled in two conservation units, both located in the Amazon rainforest. The food items were quantified by frequency of occurrence (FO) and percentage of occurrence (PO). The stomach contents were analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE), and mineral matter (MM). Nitrogen-free extractives (NFE), metabolisable energy (ME) values, as well as the energy need for maintenance were estimated. The composition of the diet for the crab-eating fox presented 29 food items from the different taxonomic groups, with a greater diversity of items of animal origin (n=22), although the highest frequency of occurrence was gramineae (Poaceae) (41.18%). Among the items of animal origin, 21% were mammals, 18% reptiles, 10% amphibians, 9% invertebrates and 3% birds. A high content of CF (62.76%) were determined. Nitrogen-free extractive and dry matter averages were 5.91% and 141.82 kcal/100g, respectively. The average maintenance energy was 447.01 kcal/day. These findings suggesting that the crab-eating foxes have a generalist diet with an omnivorous diet in the Amazon basin, feeding on gramineae, fruits, insects, snakes, amphibians, birds and small mammals and have the same feeding habit that present in other Brazilian biomes.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar a dieta do cachorro-do-mato, de vida livre, por meio da identificação do conteúdo estomacal de 17 Cerdocyon thous atropelados em duas unidades de conservação da Floresta Amazônica. O conteúdo estomacal foi analisado e os itens alimentares foram quantificados pela frequência de ocorrência (FO) e percentagem de ocorrência (PO). Também foram avaliados os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra bruta (FB), extrato etéreo (EE) e, matéria mineral (MM). Foram estimados o extrativo não-nitrogenado (ENN), a energia metabolizável (EM) e a necessidade energética de manutenção. A composição da dieta do cachorro-do-mato apresentou 29 itens alimentares dos diferentes grupos taxonômicos, tendo uma maior diversidade de itens de origem animal (n=22), ainda que a maior FO tenha sido de gramíneas (Poaceae) (41.18%). Dentre os itens de origem animal, 21% eram mamíferos, 18% répteis, 10% anfíbios, 9% invertebrados e 3% aves. Determinou-se um alto teor de FB (62.76%). A média do ENN e da MS foi 5.91% e 141.82 kcal/100g, respectivamente. A média da energia de manutenção foi 447.01 kcal/dia. Estes achados sugerem que o cachorro-do-mato encontrado na Bacia Amazônica é um animal generalista com uma dieta onívora, se alimentando de gramíneas, frutos, insetos, serpentes, anfíbios, aves e pequenos mamíferos, portanto com o mesmo hábito alimentar relatado a esta espécie quando encontrada em outros biomas brasileiros.

Combining ability analysis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. ) for potential quality improvement / Análise de capacidade de combinação em cabaça-amarga (Momordica charantia L. ) para melhoria potencial da qualidade

Abstract Combining ability analysis provides useful information for the selection of parents, also information regarding the nature and magnitude of involved gene actions. Crops improvement involves strategies for enhancing yield potentiality and quality components. Targeting the improvement of respective characters in bitter gourd, combining ability and genetic parameters for 19 characters were estimated from a 6×6 full diallel analysis technique. The results revealed that the variances due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for most of the important characters. It indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions. GCA variances were higher in magnitude than SCA variances for all the characters studied indicating the predominance of the additive gene effects in their inheritance. The parent P2 (BG 009) appeared as the best general combiner for earliness; P1 (BG 006) for number of fruits, average single fruit weight and fruit yield; P4 (BG 027) for node number of first female flower and days to seed fruit maturity; P3 (BG 011) for fruit length and thickness of the fruit flesh; P5 (BG 033) for 100-seed weight; and P6 for number of nodes per main vine. The SCA effect as well as reciprocal effect was also significant for most of the important characters in different crosses.

Resumo A análise da capacidade de combinação fornece informações úteis para a seleção dos pais, também informações sobre a natureza e a magnitude das ações dos genes envolvidos. A melhoria das safras envolve estratégias para aumentar a potencialidade da produção e os componentes de qualidade. Visando ao aprimoramento dos respectivos caracteres em cabaça-amarga, capacidade de combinação e parâmetros genéticos para 19 caracteres, foram estimados a partir de uma técnica de análise dialélica completa 6 × 6. Os resultados revelaram que as variâncias, devido à capacidade geral de combinação (GCA) e capacidade específica de combinação (SCA), foram altamente significativas para a maioria dos caracteres importantes. Indicou a importância das ações gênicas aditivas e não aditivas. As variâncias GCA foram maiores em magnitude do que as variâncias SCA para todos os caracteres estudados, indicando a predominância dos efeitos do gene aditivo em sua herança. O pai P2 (BG 009) apareceu como o melhor combinador geral para o início; P1 (BG 006) para número de frutos, peso médio de um único fruto e produção de frutos; P4 (BG 027) para número de nó da primeira flor fêmea e dias para a maturidade do fruto da semente; P3 (BG 011) para comprimento do fruto e espessura da polpa do fruto; P5 (BG 033) para peso de 100 sementes; e P6 para o número de nós por videira principal. O efeito SCA, bem como o efeito recíproco, também foi significativo para a maioria dos personagens importantes em cruzamentos diferentes.

Comparative Assessment of Contact Osteogenesis at the Titanium Implant-Bone Junction in Male Rabbits with Dissimilar Femoral Defects / Evaluación Comparativa de la Osteogénesis de Contacto en la Unión entre el Hueso y el Implante de Titanio en Conejos Macho con Defectos Femorales Diferentes

SUMMARY: Traumatized bone tissue has the capacity to repair itself so that it eventually regains its almost original form, even in the case of artificially inserted implants. The process that stays at the base of the regeneration is represented by osteogenesis or remote osteogenesis. The major difference between the two types of bone formation is the location of the cement line, which is located on the surface of the implant for contact osteogenesis and on the surface of the bone defect for remote osteogenesis. The aim of the present study was to assess the contact osteogenesis in the case of inserted titanium screws in holes with diameters of 1.8 mm and 1 mm respectively. The obtained results show, in the case of the groove with 1.8 mm that the newly proliferated bone represents 73.85 % of the total area, while in the case of the groove with 1 mm in diameter the value of the newly proliferated bone is 26.15 %. In conclusion, the insertion of titanium screws by self-tapping into the hole smaller than the core of the screw is accompanied by bone proliferation by contact osteogenesis much more modest than in the case of insertion into the hole larger than the core of the screw.

El tejido óseo traumatizado tiene la capacidad de reparar en forma espontánea, de modo que eventualmente recupera su forma casi original, incluso en el caso de implantes insertados artificialmente. El proceso que queda en la base de la regeneración está representado por la osteogénesis u osteogénesis a distancia. La principal diferencia entre los dos tipos de formación ósea es la ubicación de la línea de cemento, que se encuentra en la superficie del implante para la osteogénesis de contacto y en la superficie del defecto óseo para la osteogénesis remota. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la osteogénesis de contacto en el caso de tornillos de titanio insertados en forámenes con diámetros de 1,8 mm y 1 mm respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos muestran, en el caso del surco de 1,8 mm que el hueso neoproliferado representa el 73,85 % del área total, mientras que en el caso del surco de 1 mm de diámetro el valor del hueso neoproliferado es del 26,15 %. En conclusión, la inserción de tornillos de titanio por autorroscantes en el foramen menor que el núcleo del tornillo se acompaña de una proliferación ósea por osteogénesis de contacto mucho más modesta que en el caso de la inserción en el foramen mayor que el núcleo del tornillo.

Efficacy of ultrasound guided single level thoracic paravertebral block for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a randomized controlled study

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a common surgical method used for the treatment of renal calculi. Post-operative pain is due to dilatation of the renal capsule, the parenchymal tract and peritubal distressing of the nephrostomy tube. Addition of ultrasound guided paravertebral block to the multimodal postoperative analgesic regimen after general anaesthesia can achieve adequate somatic and visceral sensory blockade to provide post op analgesic cover for PCNL. Methods: It was a randomized controlled study where 60 ASA I and II patients scheduled for elective PCNL surgery were divided into 2 groups of 30 each, group P and group N. Both groups underwent PCNL under general anaesthesia. After the conclusion of surgery, group P were given ultrasound guided single level paravertebral block at T9-T10 level on the operated side using 10 ml 0.25% bupivacaine while group N did not receive paravertebral block after the conclusion of surgery. Results: VAS score, time for first rescue analgesic, number of rescue analgesics in post-operative period were significant in group P compared to group N. Conclusions: Addition of thoracic para vertebral block to multimodal analgesic regimen significantly provides effective analgesia, reduces requirements of intravenous opioids, maintains stable postoperative hemodynamics, improves respiratory mechanics and lowers the incidence of chronic postoperative pain.

Weber approach for retromolar adenoid cyst carcinoma: case report and literature review

Adenoid cyst carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon facial tumor and challenging to treat; surgical treatment is challenging due to its localization. A 49-year-old Latin female patient with a one-year history of soft tissue-depending mass of slow growth in the right maxillary region. Laboratory tests reported normal. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a maxillary tumor. Patient underwent to surgical resection by Weber-Fergusson approach. The patient received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. ACC is a challenging entity to treat, surgical resection, and radiotherapy is required. The combination of surgery and radiotherapy represents the definitive treatment for ACC. Chemotherapy remains controversial and is reserved for palliation in selected cases.

Myxoma of parotid gland: report of a rare case

Myxomas of head and neck and especially parotid gland are rare. These insidious soft tissue tumours have obscured pathogenesis, can occur at any age, mostly located in the cheek, palate or floor of mouth. They often present with non- specific symptoms like painless slow growing localised swelling in the cheek or around the jaw. Complete excision remains the mainstay of treatment with rare recurrence, no distant metastases and excellent prognosis. Here we reported a case of right sided parotid gland myxoma in a 37 years old man. There were no specific clinical, laboratory or radiological features. Fine needle aspiration cytology was reported as adenoid cystic carcinoma of right parotid gland. Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma. Immunohistochemistry can be helpful, but not necessary to come to a diagnosis.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma with clear cell change: a rare case report

Clear-cell variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare entity. Clear-cell change can be seen in any of the neoplasms, but as pure form variant, it is difficult to find in head-and-neck SCC. We hereby present a case report of 71-year-old male who presented with a growth with erythematous patches on the lateral pharyngeal wall for the past 3 months. Histopathologic examination showed nests, islands and sheets of malignant squamous cells with vesicular nuclei and abundant clear cytoplasm. Neoplastic cells constituting majority of nests exhibited clear cell changes. Special stain was performed to identify the nature of clear cells. periodic acid Schiff-diastase (PAS-D) showed positivity in the clear cells. Immunohistochemical study using antibody for pan-cytokeratin revealed diffuse positivity in the tumor cells.

A case of Guillain-Barre syndrome presenting at third trimester of pregnancy complicated with pre-eclampsia and acute kidney injury

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is immune mediated injury of the peripheral nerves. This condition can affect any individuals with some trigger. Here the disease affected the lady in her last trimester of pregnancy which was complicated with pre-eclampsia and acute kidney injury. Later she recovered by multimodal treatment approach, with a prolonged intensive care unit stay. Currently she and her baby are stable with frequent follow up. This case highlights the fact that GBS can affect any trimester of pregnancy and her pregnancy could be a trigger. Further, treatment approach involves multiple specialties including internal medicine, nephrologist, neurologist, physiotherapist and psychiatrist.