[ religious attitude within psychological hardiness attachment styles among students who appeal for divorce]

Introduction: Family is the most important establishment according Islamic religion. On the other hand, life attachment styles could effect on quality of family establishment and marriage. Psychological hardiness is a critical component and could regulate helplessness of stress and family problems

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between religious attitude and psychological hardiness attachment styles among students who signed for divorce in Rasht

Methods: This descriptive- correlational study was conducted on 196 [98 couples] individual who married at least for 2 - 10 years [one of them was student], and during the second half of the year 91 [last 6 months of the year] they referred to family court in Rasht. The samples were selected by simple random sampling. Then questionnaires about Religious Attitude Adult Attachment Styles and Psychological hardiness were completed by individuals. Data were analyzed using multiple regression correlation and multiple regressions [canonical correlation]

Results: The study showed correlation between religious attitudes and psychological hardiness attachment styles of divorcing couples [P <0/05]. In other words all dimensions between religious attitudes and psychological hardiness did not showed significant correlation [P <0/01], except for ceremonial aspects, all aspects of the relationship between religious attitude with style anxiety was not significant. Also In this study, the highest correlation between closeness and attachment style were observed [P <0/01, r= 0/675]

Conclusion: The findings of this study have shown that, the religious attitude attachment styles among spouses could be predicted. This means that if spouses improve their religious attitude, it may improve secure attachment in between. On the other hands empowerment of religious attitudes among couples decreases their psychological hardiness

staphylococcus aureus exotoxin recognition using a sensor designed by nanosilica and SEA genotyping by multiplex PCR

Considering the ever increasing population and industrialization of the developmental trend of human life, we are no longer able to detect the toxins produced in food products using the traditional techniques. This is due to the fact that the isolation time for food products is not cost-effective, and even in most of the cases, the precision of practical techniques like bacterial cultivation and other techniques suffers from operator errors, or the errors of the mixtures used. Hence, with the advent of nanotechnology, the design of selective and smart sensors has turned into one of the greatest industrial revelations of the quality control of food products that, in few minutes time and with a very high precision, can identify the volume and toxicity of the bacteria. In this research, based on the bacterial antibody's connection to nanoparticles, a sensor was used. In this part of the research, as the basis for absorption for the recognition of bacterial toxin, medium sized silica nanoparticles of 10 nm in the form of solid powder were utilized with Notrino brand. Then the suspension produced from the agent-linked nanosilica, which was connected to the bacterial antibody, was positioned near the samples of distilled water, which were contaminated withStaphylococcus aureus bacterial toxin with the density of 10[-3] molar, so that in case any toxin exists in the sample, a connection between the toxin antigen and the antibody would be formed. Finally, the light absorption related to the connection of antigen to the particle-attached antibody was measured using spectrophotometry. The 23S rRNA gene that is conserved in allStaphylococcus spp. was used as the control. The accuracy of the test was monitored by using the serial dilution [l0[-6]] of overnight cell culture of Staphylococcus spp. bacteria [OD[600]: 0.02 = 107 cell]. It showed that the sensitivity of PCR is 10 bacteria per ml of cells within few hours. The results indicated that the sensor detects up to 10-[4] molar density. Additionally, the sensitivity of the sensor was examined after 60 days; by the 56 day, it had confirmatory results, which started to decrease after this time. Comparison of practical nanobiosensory method with the conventional methods including culture and bio-technology methods [such as polymerase chain reaction] confirmed its accuracy, sensitiveness and uniqueness. It also reduces the time from hours to 30 minutes

[Assessment of mercury contamination in the marketed shrimp in Tehran: a health consideration]

Mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystem, due to its bioaccumulation, persistence, high risk and poisoning has become a concern in recent years. Consumption of shrimp as a rich source of protein, peptides, amino acid and minerals [Cu, Mg, Zn, I] is growing up. The purpose of the present study is to determine the mercury content of shrimp in Tehran market and compare this with international limits. For this purpose, 19 samples were collected randomly from different retail markets in different parts of Tehran and their mercury content was measured by Mercury Analyzer DMA-80 with standard method ASTM D6722. The results were compared using one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]. It was found that, the mean level of mercury in muscles of all examined samples was 76.44 +/- 8.59 ppb, that is in agreement with the existing data and lower than the WHO and FAO guideline [500 ppb]. Shrimp consumption considering its mercury content is permitted in Tehran and has no serious risk to human health

[ effect of stress inoculation training on marital satisfaction and marital conflicts in spouses' with post traumatic stress disorder]

Living with a partner with post traumatic stress disorder[PTSD] can result in increased marital conflicts, increased stress, and decreased marital satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stress inoculation training on improving marital satisfaction and decreasing marital conflicts in the wives of veterans of war with PTSD. This was a quasi experimental study and included 40 wives of vterans with PTSD who were divided into two groups: control [n=20] and experimental [n=20] groups. DASS-21 scale was used for measurment of stress level. We used ENRICH questionnaire for assessment of marital satisfaction,and MCQ questionnaire to determine the level of marital conflicts. Data analysis was performed by means of co-variance analysis. 12 sessions of stress inoculation training for wives of the veterans with PTSD, led to decreased rate of marital conflicts and increased rate of marital satisfaction. The results of this study showed stress inoculation training resulted in increased marital satisfaction and decreased marital conflicts.

[Detection of staphylococcus aureus exotoxin by nanobiosensor designing with anti body-linked nanosilica]

We are no longer able to detect the toxins produced in food products using the traditional techniques. This is due to the fact that the isolation time for food products is not cost-effective and even in most of the cases. Hence with the advent of nanotechnology, the design of selective and smart sensors is one of the greatest industrial revelations of the quality control of food products. This was an laboratory experimental study. In this technique, based on the bacterial antibody connection to nanoparticle, a sensor was used. In this part of the research, as the basis for absorption for the recognition of bacterial toxin, medium sized silica nanoparticles of 10 nano meter in form of solid powder were utilized with Notrino brand. Then the suspension produced from agent-linked nanosilica which was connected to bacterial antibody was positioned near the samples of distrilled water, that were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus bacterial toxin with the density of 10-3, so that in case any toxin exists in the sample, a connection between toxin antigen and antibody would be formed. Finally, the light absorption related to the connection of antigen to the particle attached antoibody was measured using spectrophotometry. The results indicate that the sensor, up to 10-4 of density is detectable. Additionally, the sensitivity of the sensors were examined after 60 days, the sensor by the 56 day had confirmatory results and started to decrease after those time periods. Nano-particles have unique property in bioanalysis. They have high speed and high sensitivity along with cost effectiveness

[The comparison of effects of local and intravenous dexamethasone on edema and trismus following impacted mandibular third molars surgery]

Post-operative edema and trismus are common following removal of impacted teeth. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of local and intravenous [W]dexamethasone on the edema and trismus following hard tissue impacted mandibular third molar teeth surgery. In this clinical trial, 20 patients were randomly selected and allocated into two treatment groups. Surgical removal of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars under local anesthesia was performed. Group A received 8mg IV dexamethasone and group B received 4mg local infiltrated dexamethasone for each side. Edema was measured using both tape measure and sonography methods. In regards to trismus, interincisal mouth-opening was measured using a calibrated caliper pre-operatively and post-operatively. Data were statistically analyzed using Mann- Wittney and Wilcoxon tests. Both sonography and tape measure [method A] methods showed that the local dexamethasone was significantly more effective than IV dexamethasone in reduction of post-operative edema [p=0.012]. Meanwhile, the - difference of effectiveness between local and IV dexamethasone on the trismus was not statistically significant. The results indicated that the use of local dexamethasone is an effective therapeutid strategy in reduction of post-operative edema of mandibular third molar teeth surgery