[Application of MCNP4C in Ru-106 eye plaques dosimetry and its compared with Experimental method]

There are a number of radioactive sources for brachytherapy in various shapes and sizes. Ru- 106 [Ruthenium, 106] ophthalmic plaque have been used for many years in treatment of uveal melanoma. The plaques consist of a thin film of 106 Ru, a beta emitter encapsulated in pure silver. The principle purpose of the present work was to evaluate dose distribution along central axis and two sides axis of eyes plaques. Calibration of eye plaques was performed with use of Monte Carlo code [MCNP4C] and experimental measurement. The absolute dose was measured at centre and two sides axis of the Ru-106 eye applicators a [PMMA] spherical phantom with a radius of 12mm and height of 28 mm was constructed. To verify experimental measurements, simulation with applicators, TLD and eye phantom was utilized using MCNP4C code a P41.8GHZ personal computer .The run time of MCNP4C for each eye plaque was 4200 min and the f8 tally and cut off of energy was used. Simulated and practical dose distribution of six different types of eye plaques CCA, CCB, CGD, CCY, COB and CIA in the eye phantom were studied. The absolute and relative depth dose along the symmetry axis and two sides axes of the applicators were also evaluated from the surface to about 9 mm distance with less statistical uncertainty than that proposed by NIST and Bebig. The results are fully well comparable to producers proposed data as shown in the curves and graphs. Precision Monte Carlo comparison of the dose distributions applicators listed and absolute dose distribution of practical method show that these plaques were useful to treat uveal melanoma using Monte Carlo method in radiotherapy

[ study of frequency of nasal obstruction in migraine headaches]

Nasal congestion is a problem in which many person with migraine headache are involved and can induce misdiagnosis in these patients. Many of these patients with nasal congestion believe that the cause of their headache is due to the sinusitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of nasal congestion in episodes of migraine headache. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study on 131 patients which were diagnosed by neurologists based on standard criteria to have had migraine. Sampling was done through non-probability in hand method. The data were gathered with regard to age, sex, type of headache and presence of nasal congestion for each patient. They were then analyzed by chi-square and Fisher's exact test [p<0/05]. Out of 131 patients 18 [13.7%] had nasal congestion in their migraine attacks. 19.8% of patients were male and 80.2 patients were female. There was no meaningful correlation between nasal congestion in migraine patients with their sex, age and type of headache. According to the results of the study there was no meaningful correlation between the type of migraine headache [classic and non-classic] and sex and age

Otomycosis in central Iran: a clinical and mycological study

Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the external ear with bothersome symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of fungal agents, predisposing factors and characteristics of patients. Between May 2008 and April 2010, 171 patients with clinical suspicion of otomycosis were enrolled and the samples from their external ear were examined for any mycological infection. Otomycosis was confirmed after mycological diagnosis in 69% of clinically suspected patients. The highest incidence of otomycosis was in autumn and in patients aged 21-40 years old. Working in dry dusty environment was a major predisposing factor. Pruritus was the most common symptom. Aspergillus flavuswas the most common fungus in otomycosis followed by A. niger, Candida albicans, A. fumigatus, A. nidulansand C. parapsilosis. Clinical suspicion of otomycosis is important to prevent unnecessary use of antibiotics. Etiology of fungal pathogens in dry dusty regions is not similar to hot humid areas and this needs to be considered in future susceptibility tests and treatment of patients with otomycosis

Production and evaluation of anti-salmonella typhimuruim immunoglobulin Y isolated from serum and eggs laid

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the production of antibodies in serum as well as egg yolk raised against S. typhimurium and the cross-reactivity of this antibody with other enteric bacteria. White egg-laying hens were immunized with S. typhimurium, heat-killed whole cell, in Freund's adjuvant. Immunization was done with 107 conlony forming unit [CFU] of bacteria per hen which was injected into the breast muscle of lay. Specific antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serum and in eggs. The serum and eggs of two adults white Leghorn hens were not immunized with S. typhimurium used as a control. Chicken egg yolk antibodies [IgY] were raised against S. typhimuruim in the serum as well as in eggs. The production of IgY in serum was higher than IgY produced in egg yolk. Anti-S. typhimurium IgY cross-reacted 63%, 25% and 14% with S. typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae and E. coli respectively. The findings indicate that eggs from hens immunized with S. typhimuruim have not specific antibodies for the detection of S. typhimuruim, but they may have the potential of being a useful source of passive immunity against this pathogen

Detection of salmonella typhi based on the ViaB sequence by polymerase chain reaction

Background and Purpose: Typhoid fever, a disease caused by Salmonella typhi, is still one of the most important infectious diseases across the world. Different methods such as biochemical and Elisa methods are used for detection of this bacterium, which produce false responses in addition to being time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, the present research was conducted to detect Salmonella typhi by PCR method which is rapid, inexpensive and specific

Materials and methods: In this descriptive study which was conducted via diagnostic method, polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay was developed for detection of Salmonella typhi. This strain had formerly been confirmed by biochemical methods. For detection by PCR, one primer pair was designed, being specific to ViaB gene. The PCR product was digested by restricted enzyme. For specificity of assay, 6 different strains were used as control negative and for sensitivity of PCR reaction, serial dilution of bacteria was used

Results: The PCR product of Salmonella typhi was 530 bp which were then confirmed by digestion enzymes. In testing the specificity of the assay, Salmonella typhimorium, Shigella flexneri, E. coli, Clostridium botulinum, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were used as negative control, and did not yield a PCR product. The sensitivity of this method was estimated to be about 50 CFU/ml

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that detection of ViaB gene with PCR method can be used for diagnossis of Salmonella typhi in clinical samples as a rapid, inexpensive, specific and highly sensitive method

[ effects of hydrogen peroxide solution and tetracycline ointment in healing of traumatic facial wounds: a comparative study]

Wound repair after a surgical operation or traumatic injuries is a coordinated process, which is highly dependent to the pre- and post-operative or traumatic care. There is no consensus on the best wound care method and application of topical therapeutic agents including diluted oxygen peroxide solution and antibiotics. This study is aimed to compare the healing effects of oxygen peroxide and tetracycline ointment in management of traumatic facial injuries. 76 patients divided into two groups were entered into this randomized clinical trial. All patients sustained facial injuries requiring primary repair. The first group received 2% topical oxygen peroxide solution for 5 days, and the second group received sterile 1% tetracycline topical ointment for 5days. At the end of the fourth day, wound healing status was assessed with a chart designed for this purpose. No statistically significant difference was observed between the tetracycline and hydrogen peroxide groups in regards to the distance of wound margins, erythema and dehiscence. According to our results, there is no difference in the effects of hydrogen peroxide solution or tetracycline ointment on the healing of traumatic facial wounds