Comparison outcome of surfactant administration via tracheal catheterization during spontaneous breathing with insure

Surfactant administration via thin endotracheal catheter [Tec] seems to be less invasive than InSurE method. We analyzed data obtained from multicenter hospitals. This multi center randomized clinical trial study was conducted concomitant within NICU of three university hospitals of Tabriz, Isfahan and Mashhad for a period of 20 months on neonates with gestational age of 27-32 weeks. All infants received nCPAP before administration of surfactant. If we required fio2> 30%to maintain spo2 >85% then surfactant was administered. A 5f vascular catheter was placed through 1 to 2 cm below the vocal cords and surfactant was administrated slowly. Mean gestational age in TEC was 29.6 weeks and in InSurE was the same. Mean weight in TEC was 1339 grams and in InSurE was 1304 gram. Surfactant was administered to 66preterm via TEC method and to 70 infant via InSurE. Mortality in TEC group was significantly lower than InSurE. P<0.01RR=0.56, CI, 95[0.42-0.76]. NEC reduced in TEC. CPAP duration decreased in two centers, p<.05 but increased in another center. Fio2 decreased rapidly and HCO3 increased 2 hours after surfactant P<0.03 in TEC. The average mean of Oxygen supplementation, BPD, Mechanical ventilation between two groups was not statistically significant. TEC method was effective in treating RDS. Mortality was significantly decreased in TEC group. As TEC procedure is a new method of surfactant administration and there are few studies about it, so it is too early to be certain about all aspects of this procedure

[Increasing the conversion of hyoscyamine to scopolamine in stable autotetraploid plants of Egyptian henbane [hyoscyamus muticus]]

Ploidy manipulation is always accompanied by conspicuous changes in morphology and biochemical characteristics in plants. So that it is suggested as a rapid and useful strategy for breeding the quality and quantitative traits related to the secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants. Egyptian henbane is one of the most important sources of tropane alkaloids specially hyoscyamine and a trace of scopolamine. The main objects of this research were study of the stability of ploidy manipulation and its effects on the qualitative and quantitative changes of tropane alkaloid production in Hyoscyamus muticus plant. The stability of ploidy level in autotetraploid plants [that already obtained by colchicine treatment] of Egyptian henbane was investigated by morphological, microscopic and flow cytometry methods. The changes in the production of tropane alkaloid compounds were also analyzed by GC-MS in diploid and tetraploid plants. The results of morphologic, microscopic and flow cytometry methods confirmed the stability of autotetraploidy in Egyptian henbane plant. Tetraploid plants showed a higher potential in production of scopolamine, than diploid ones. Regard to the higher commercial value of scopolamine than other tropane alkaloid coumpounds, Ploidy manipulation can efficiently be used to improve scopolamine production in Hyoscyamus muticus plant

Application of conventional and new biotechnological approaches for improving of morphinane alkaloids production

More than 12,000 alkaloids are known in plants, mostly used as medicine with a world market value of about 4 billion US$. Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the most important economic source of morphinane alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, thebaine, narcotine and papaverine that are exploited by the pharmaceutical industry as analgesics, antitussives and anti-spasmodics. With regard to increasing demand for these compounds, the aim of this review is presenting an outlook of classical breeding programs that successfully applied for enhancing the alkaloid content of opium poppy. The latest biotechnological approaches also are discussed to give an outlook for future trends and possibilities

[Three cases with classic syndromes of the third and sixth cranial nerves]

To report three cases of classic cranial syndromes with involvement of the third and sixth nerves with comparison of their clinical and radiological findings and results of treatment. Three patients were referred to Labbafinejad Strabismus Clinic because of diplopia and eye deviation after an attack of eclampsia [one case] and head trauma [two cases]. They had extraocular muscle palsy, facial palsy and limb weakness. The diagnoses included Raymond, Weber and Benedikt syndromes. In two cases MRI showed gross lesions. Botulinum toxin injection and surgical intervention were performed for ocular symptoms and the results were acceptable. Multiple cranial nerve involvement associated with other neurologic signs and symptoms may occur secondary to important brain injury. Familiarity with the combination of signs [classic syndromes] helps in the diagnosis and localization of the lesion and in selection of the best treatment

cardiovascular changes induced by inspired oxygen fraction in patients undergoing on-pump coronay artery surgery

The inspiratory gas during open heart surgery with on-pump technique usually consists of 100% oxygen without any N2O because the risks of bubble embolism during these procedures. We sought to establish whether the cardiovascular effects of increased FiO2 are also present in cardiac surgery patients. The present study was a randomized double- blind clinical trial on sixty adult patients [40-70 years] with the cardiac ejection fraction [EF] of more than 40% and ASA II or III undergoing elective on pump coronary artery bypass. They received either a mixture of 50% O2 with 50% air [case group=30] or 100% oxygen [control group=30] throughout the anesthesia. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using t-test and Q-square as well as non parametric tests wherever appropriate. The mean values of systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure as well as HR and CI were similar in the case and control groups [p>0.05] at all times of measurement. The mean PaO2 was significantly higher in the control group [p<0.05]. The mean pH was statistically higher in the control group but not clinically noticeable. The control group required more inotropic drug support than the case group [16 vs. 8 patients respectively]. Likewise, the mean venous pressure was higher in the control group compared with the case group. Exposing patients during and after coronary artery surgery to hyperoxia induced significant hemodynamic changes which required more extensive studies with invasive CI measurements and larger groups

Application of the trans-theoretical model [TTM] to exercise behavior among female college students

This study examined the applicability of trans-theoretical model [TTM] to understand exercise behavior among female college students in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2007. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. The dependent variables analyzed were exercise efficacy expectation, decisional balance [pros and cons]. The independent variable was stage of exercise behavior change. Five hundred and ninety female students representing various disciplines on campus completed a valid and reliable questionnaire [r = 0.78] during regularly scheduled classes. More than seventy-three percent of sample were sedentary [pre-contemplation, contemplation, or preparation] whereas 24.6% were in the action stage [regularly active < 6 months] and 2.2% were in the maintenance stage [regularly active > 6 months]. All of the TTM constructs differed significantly across exercise stages. Students in pre-con- templation scored the lowest and those in maintenance stage scored highest on efficacy expectation and pros and reversed on cons. Results supported the use of the entire TTM in examining exercise behavior among fe- male college students

Dermatoglyphic assessment in down and klinefelter syndromes

Dermatoglyphics are the dermal ridge configurations on the digits, palms and soles. Dermatoglyphic polymorphism results from the co-operation of genetic and environmental factors. The Dermatoglyphic analysis is a valuable completion of initial diagnosis of some syndromes genetically determined. Our objective was to assess dermatoglyphics study results against standard chromosomal analysis in Down and Klinefelter syndromes. In this study we applied clear plastic tape and graphite powder for finger and palm prints of 90 persons. Cy-togenetic study was also performed for patients with Down [n=29] and Klinefelter [n=22] syndromes and 39 normal individuals who served as the control group. Dermatoglyphic investigations indicated that in Down syndrome, simian line, ulnar loops, whorl, t", t" and f were significant, whereas arch and interdigital III pattern were more indicative for Klinefelter syndrome. Dermatoplyphic can be used both as an initial diagnostic step and for screening purposes