[ comparison between ondansetron and metoclopramide in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting]

Antiemetics currently in use are not totally effective. Serotonin Receptor Antagonists are a new class of antiemetics that have shown promise for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in many situations. This study aims at evaluating the efficacy of Serotonin Receptor Antagonist, Ondansetron, for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. This randomized, double-blind study compared the efficacy of an intravenous dose of Ondansetron 4 mg. with Metoclopramide 10mg. for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] in patients undergoing general anesthesia for open abdominal surgery. A total of 126 patients [63 Ondansetron group, 63 Metoclopramide group], ASA status I-II, aged 18-65 years, were included and received the study medication after the induction of anaesthesia. A standardized anesthetic technique and intraoperative analgesia were used for all the patients. Within a period of 24 hours after the surgery, the following data were gathered and recorded: the proportion of the patients experiencing no emesis or no nausea as well as those who were provided with rescue antiemetic medication, the duration of nausea and the number of emetic episodes. During the overall observation period [i.e. 0-24 hours], more patients who had received Ondansetron had significantly no emetic episodes [87.3%] than those who had received Metoclopramid [73%, P=0.044]. A higher proportion of patients receiving Ondansetron [71.4%] did not experience nausea [Metoclopramide 63.5%, P=0.342]. Fewer patients in the Ondansetron group required rescue medication [P<0.05]. Ondansetron was superior to Metoclopramide for the prevention of vomiting in the first 24 hours after surgery and the total number of emetic episodes was significantly reduced, as compared with Metoclopramide, but no significant differences were observed between Ondansetron and Metoclopramide for either the prevention of nausea or the treatment failure

[Prevalence of peripheral soft connective tissue lesions in patients referred to pathology department of Shahid Beheshti dental school, 1981-2006]

Peripheral soft connective tissue lesions are common in oral mucosa and despite their benign nature can make problems for patients. According to our knowledge, a comprehensive study for these lesions was not performed in Iran General practitioners are commonly encountered affected with these lesions. They have not enough information about their clinical prevalence, may make mistake in diagnosis and treatment plan. The aim of this study was to evaluate peripheral soft connective tissue lesions prevalence in patients referred to Pathology department of Shahid Beheshti Dental School during 1981-2006. In this descriptive retrospective study [existing data], cases were patients that referred to Pathology Dept. [1981-2006] with complete files recorded in the Dept. Questionnaires included age, sex, location of lesion and lesion type which were retrieved from patient's files. The incomplete files were excluded. Finally the collected data were analyzed descriptively by SPSS Ver 11.0 software. A total number of 900 cases had peripheral soft connective tissue lesions during 1981-2006 from 4529 files in the department. 29.7% [268 cases] were irritation fibroma, 21.9% [197 cases] were peripheral giant cell granuloma, 19.5% [176 cases] were pyogenic granuloma, 19.3% [174 cases] were epulis fissuratum, 8% [72 cases] were peripheral ossifying fibroma, 0.5% [5 cases] were giant cell fibroma, 0.4% [4 cases] were oral focal mucinosis and 0.4% were inflammatory papillary hyperplasia. The most prevalent age was 50-59 years [18.1%] and 20-29 years [16.3%]. The lesions were more prevalent in women [61.9%] and were 38.1% in men. The most prevalent site was gingival [54.3%] and the least prevalent site was floor of the mouth [0.1%]. 19.9% peripheral soft connective tissue lesions were reported, the most frequent lesion was irritation fibroma that was similar to other reports

[Comparison of the effectiveness of three mouthwashes on oral microflora: an in vitro study]

The use of mouthwashes for plaque control and preventing its accumulation on teeth and adjacent mucous membranes is of considerable importance. The aim of this investigation was to compare the effectiveness of chlorhexidine and two Irsha mouthwashes, on aerobic microorganisms in oral flora. In this in vitro study, the diffuse-agar method was used to effects of antiplaque antitartar Irsha mouthwash, antiseptic Irsha mouthwash and 0.2% chlorhexidine on oral aerobic microorganisms. The microorganisms were dispersed and plated on blood agar or Muller Hintone medium. Six-millimeter paper disks immersed in each of the study solutions were inserted into the plates after the incubation period. This procedure was repeated 4 times for each of the microorganisms and the inhibition zones were measured for each microorganism and mouthwash, separately. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey HSD [post hoc] tests. Antiplaque Irsha was useful in controlling some of the analyzed microorganisms including lactobacilli, Neisseria sicca, C. diphtheroid, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus mutans, in decreasing order. Antiseptic Irsha did not affect the aerobic bacteria. Chlorhexidine was effective on all complex infections consisting of the studied aerobic microorganisms, especially lactobacilli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. It also successfully controlled Staphylococcus aureus followed by Brevudimonas, Neisseria sicca, Streptococcus salivarius. Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus viridans, in that order. According to these results, 0.2% Chlorhexidine demonstrated a superior antimicrobial effect in most cases as compared to the studied mouthwashes