Lipid peroxidation inhibition, superoxide anion and nitric oxide radical scavenging properties of thymus daenensis and anethum graveolens essential oils

Safety and efficacy of the synthetic antioxidants used in the food industry are frequently questioned because such antioxidants are unstable and highly volatile, therefore, interest in finding naturally occurring antioxidants that have the potential to protect human beings from damage induced by oxidative stress has intensified. Bioactivities of Thymus daenensis and Anethum graveolens essential oils with special reference to their antioxidative properties are studied. Total phenolic content [TPC], lipid peroxidation inhibition [LPI], ferrous-ion chelating [FIC], superoxide anion and nitric oxide radical scavenging, and tyrosinase inhibition activities of the essential oils were determined. TPC of T. daenensis and A. graveolens oils were 644.07 +/- 6.79 and 174.91 +/- 2.05 mg GAE/100 g. T. daenensis and A. graveolens oils showed the highest LPI activity with FICs of 63.28 +/- 0.21 and 70.22 +/- 1.9 percent respectively. Superoxide anion and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities of the above oils had IC[50] of 0.013, 0.001 and 0.005, 0.0014 mg, respectively. A. graveolens oil showed 6 fold higher anti - tyrosinase activity than T. daenensis oil. There was not correlation between lipid peroxidation or ferrous ion chelating activities with total phenolics implying that the oils contain chelating ligands. The effects of antioxidant phytochemicals in the biological systems are ascribed on their ability to scavenge radicals, chelating metals, activate the antioxidant enzymes, and to inhibit the oxidases. T. daenensis and A. graveolens oils have good commercial potential in both food processing and cosmetic industries

[Evaluating the effect of reference line on interpretation of cephalometric analysis]

Natural head position [NHP] is a standard and reproducible position and its short term reproducibility has been reported to be much lower than standard deviation of extra-cranial lines. Due to racial and ethnical differences in cephalometric measurements this study was carried out to compare the variations of extra-cranial reference lines to true vertical line among Iranian people while registration was in NHP. This was a diagnostic study conducted on 60 dentistry students aged between 19-29 years [females: 22.50 +/- 2.76 males: 23.45 +/- 2.94 30 each]. The exclusion criteria were heriditary and acquired dentofacial disorders, facial malformations, history of orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery, TMD and neck musculopathies. All types of occlusions were included. Lateral cephalograms were taken from each individual in NHP by means of a mirror in the same device and by one single operator. Also, a photograph by the same device was taken to register soft tissue Frankfurt. The angles between the SN, BaNa, and soft and hard tissue FH to true horizontal were measured. Mean SD and SE of each angle, their correlation, and also determination coefficient regarding each line were calculated. The differences between the paired angles were evaluated by paired t test. Findings: The lowest SD and SE was associated with SN [SE: 0.051, SD: 3.86] and the highest related to BaNa [SE: 0.51, SD: 4.53]. The lowest correlation coefficient was associated with the soft and hard tissue Frankfort plane compared to horizontal line [r2=0.39, p<0.003, r=0.015]. The highest correlation was observed between BaNa and SN compared to true horizontal line [r=0.086, p<0.000, r=0.079]. Diagnosis of dentofacial disorders using extra-cranial reference lines will be more reliable if NHP is registered accurately

Achieving to some outranking relationships between post mining land uses through mined land suitability analysis

Adoption of most suitable post mining land use is a problem with multi-dimensional nature. There are so many factors in this problem which seriously influence on the decision judgments. Therefore, in this study a fifty-attribute framework for mined land suitability analysis including fifty numbers of economical, social, technical and mine site factors developed to be a foundation for this decision making problem. Analysis by an outranking multi-attribute decision-making technique, called elimination et choix traduisant la realite method, was taken into consideration because of its clear advantages on the field of mined land suitability analysis as compared with multi-attribute decision-making ranking techniques. Analytical hierarchy process method applied to calculate global weights of the attributes through pair wise comparison matrixes. The weights then passed to the elimination et choix traduisant la realit method so that the most efficient post mining land uses could be appointed through comparisons of pair-wise dominance relationships between alternatives. This approach applied to an illustrative example where, final results showed that, there were two non-dominated land-uses for the considered example; industrial and pasture. However by increasing indifference threshold limit, the non-dominated set reduced to a single alternative that was pasture land-use

comparison of constituents of essential oils ofzhumeria majdae rech. F. and wendelbo at flowering stages in various parts of hormozgan province

Zhumeria majdae is one of the most important, unic and endemic species of Hormozgan Province which used for diarrhoea, stomachache, cold, headache, wound and also as coolness from from ancient times by natives people of Hormozgan. The aim of the present study was to detect and compare the constituents of the essential oils of Zhumeria majdae at flowering stage in Geno, Sarchahan and Tangezagh mounts regions of Hormozgan Province. The leaves of Zhumeria majdae were collected at flowering stages. The essential oil of the leaves obtained by hvdrodistillation using Clevenger type apparatus, was analysed by GC and GC/MS. Essential Chromatogram of Zhumeria majdae shows that in Geno mount's species 17 compounds, in Sarchahan mount's 22 compounds and in Tange zagh mount's 14 compounds, were exist. Oil yeild in that three regions were, in turne, 6.2, 6.1 and 5.3 percent. Linalool and Camphore were major compounds. Gaina Terpinene, Octa 3-Carene, Octan-3-one, Myrcene, Beta Bisabulene,Thymole and Terpinolene in Geno mount, Cis and Trans Linalool oxide, Linalool, Camphore, Neral, Geraniol, Geranial, Beta Elemene and Alpha Terpineol in Sarchahan mount and Alpha Pinene, Camphene, Orto Cymene, Limonene, Borneol, Nerol and Cis Jasmone in Tangezagh mount were more than other compounds. The numbers and contents of constituents of essential oils of Zhumeria majdae at flowering stages in various parts of Hormozgan province are different

[ review on different aspects of aloe vera L.]

Endemic of dry and warm climate, True Aloe with the scientific name Aloe vera [L.] Burm. f. is an invaluable medicinal plant. It is cultivated in Iran in two southern provinces of Hormozgan and Boushehr and also grown in greenhouse in some other regions. Many derivatives of Aloe plant are in use in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Despite the fact that Aloe is endemic of Southern Iran, several kinds of finished products such as soft drinks and cosmetics are being imported to the country now. Since Aloe can be cost effectively cultivated in poor soil and water resource conditions of the southern provinces of Iran, expansion of its cultivation and processing facilities can be a remarkable step for both job creation and efficient exploitation of the poor farmlands in this part of the country