[Barodontalgia in military aerospace and diving]

Since aerospace and oceans have been captured, the most important concerns were unfamiliarity with hazards of entering into unknown environments. From anatomical and physiological point of view, human body compatible with living on the earth. Thus human survival at other conditions necessitous specific equipment's. Identification of those hazards and how to prevent and cure was the purpose of this article. This review article is a collection of data and knowledge regard to earth atmosphere from credible and scientific books and articles. Tooth pain following barometric pressure changes, named barodontalgia. Military air and naval forces due to face agile maneuvers and special conditions are high-risk population. Three pathophysiological hypotheses suggested: 1 .Inflamatory, 2.Gas embolism, and 3.Trapped air. Pain often occur suddenly and unpredictable. Patient profile, clinical examination and paraclinical procedures help to make net diagnosis. Oral hygiene and periodical dental examinations of high-risk population are critical prevention methods. Barodontalgia is rather rare but its emersion on complicated [critical] air and naval task forces can lead to human and equipment hazards. Therefore, sufficient attention in prevention and creation optimal conditions for researches will be valuable

[ relationship between servant leadership and job involvment of staff in teaching hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan university of medical sciences: 2011]

Servant leadership, a newly developed concept of leadership, emphasizes on increased services to others, as well as a holistic attitudes toward people, individual development and shared decision making. The servant-leadership philosophy focuses on servant leader, training staff and developing services in the society. This research aimed to study the relationship between servant leadership and its four dimensions [servicing, humility, trust and agapao love] as independent variables and job involvement as a dependent variable, among the staff of teaching hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences KUMS. This was a descriptive - analytical study conducted in 2011. The population included 151 staff of teaching hospitals affiliated to KUMS. Data were collected through Servant Leadership and Job Involvement Questionnaires and were analyzed using SPSS software, descriptive statistics and spearman correlation test. There was a significant and positive correlation between servant leadership and its four dimensions and job involvement among the staff of teaching hospitals affiliated to KUMS [r=0.343 and P-Value<001]. The mean scores for servant leadership and job involvement were 2.56 and 2.78 out of 4, respectively. The high correlation between servant leadership and job involvement and a moderate correlation between servant leadership and job involvement suggest that managers should always be pioneers in serving customers inside and outside their organizations and consider this as their major responsibility

[Estimation of willingness to pay for mammographic breast cancer screening tests among women in Tehran, based on contingent valuation method: 2010]

Routine mammography screening and clinical breast examination are effective measures in reducing breast cancer mortality. Contingent valuation method [CVM] is a method for willingness to pay [WTP] estimation for cost benefit analysis in economics. In this study, the mean and the function of WTP for mammographic screening for breast cancer were estimated with CVM. This cross-sectional study was descriptive-analytic in nature. A questionnaire was used to collect data from/ for the households in Tehran selected by stratified sampling in 2010. The correlation between WTP questions and the annual household income was measured for internal validity. There were other questions selected from National Health Accounts questionnaire, a standard questionnaire. The data were analyzed by STATA software [version 11] using Ramsey RESET test, David Sen - Mackinnon test, likelihood ratio test and maximum likelihood method to estimate the bivariate probit model and the marginal effects of variables with Z-ratios. The answer to the first bid was "yes" for some 46% of respondents while about 20% of respondents said "yes" to the upper amount. The probability of positive response for both bids was 0.159 and the average WTP was 300,000 Rails. Women, experiencing mammography in the last 4 years, answered "yes" to both bids with probability of 0.14. If the cost of mammogram were less than 300 thousand Rails for each person, there would be a higher WTP for screening mammography suggesting that individuals, in higher socioeconomic class, have higher WTP for mammographic screening

Immunohistochemistry analysis of P53 and Ki-67 proteins in oral lichen planus and normal oral mucosa

Oral lichen planus [OLP] is a relatively common chronic inflammatory muco-cutaneous disease classified among the potentially malignant lesions of oral mucosa. In this study we evaluated tissue expression of p53, ki-67 in OLP compared to normal oral mucosa. Specimens [formalin-fixed and paraffin- embedded] of 44 lesions of OLP and 30 controls referred to immunohistochemistry [IHC] analysis for p53 and ki-67. Results of immunohistochemistry were statistically evaluated by means of Kolmogorov- Smirnov, Kruskal- Wallis and t-test. The level of statistical significance was established at P< 0.05. This study included 44 patients with OLP [27 females and 17 males] and 30 subjects as control group [18 females and 12 males].The mean expression of p53 in patients with OLP was greater than subjects in control group. The mean expression of ki-67 in patients with OLP was more than people in control group. These differences were statistically significant [P=0.001]. Since p53 and ki-67 extensively accepted as important biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of malignant and premalignant lesions, therefore high degree of presence of these biomarkers in chronic premalignant lesion like OLP can be a great helpful in its prognosis and suggested treatments