Susceptibility Profiles of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections

@#Introduction: Uncontrolled empirical treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) has negative aspect on predicting the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and knowledge of those patterns has become extremely important from time to time. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to check the prevalence and resistance patterns of uropathogens in the community acquired UTIs. Methods: A total of 7132 urine samples were combined from male 3131 (43.9%) and female 4001 (56.1%) outpatients suspected of having UTIs, respectively over a three-year period and cultured on routine culture media. The bacteria have been identified using basic biochemical tests, and sensitivity to various antibiotics was determined by the method of disk diffusion. Results: Of 7132 urine samples 797 (11.2%) yielded significant uropathogens. Among the bacterial species, Escherichia coli was the major causative agent of UTIs for both gender (63.7%), followed by Klebsiella spp (20.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (5.3%), Pseudomonas spp (4.1%), Proteus spp (3.1%), Enterobacter spp (1.5%), Candida albicans (0.6%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (0.5%), Providencia spp (0.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (0.1%). The antibacterial sensitivity testing for E. coli, to commonly used antibiotics were showed variable resistant as follows: Ampicilln (78%), Amoxicillin (71%), trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (42%), Amox/clav. (14%) gentamicin (20%), nitrofurantoin (11%), nalidixic acid (22%), ciprofloxacin (20%), Imipenem (16%),Ceftazidim (26%),Cefotaxim (25%),Ceftriaxon (21%),Cefuroxim (33%). Conclusions: The findings showed that antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens in variable, and continuous monitoring of resistance patterns by using of antibiotic susceptibility testing in the laboratory is the most appropriate to treat UTIs rather than the choice of UTIs empirical treatment.

gastric mucosal barrier. Weakness syndrome

Facing agressive agents of any kind, including food, gastric mucous has different means of defence called gastric mucous barrier. It seems that in some digestive diseases agression itself is not more important than weakness of the digestive mucous barrier. The concept of "mucous barrier weakness syndrome" opens perspectives in a better comprehension of some digestive diseases: [digestive functional diseases in particular] and therefore a better therapeutic approach

Respiratory thews fatigue: detection means, clinical interest and therapeutic approach

Pulmonary system can be considered like composed of two parts: on the one hand pulmonary parenchyma, on the other the pump of ventilation. Faint hypothesis of the pump of ventilation that is to say of the respiratory thews in the origin of dyspnoea sensation and of acute uncompensations from chronic respiratory insufficients, evoked first time in 1919, have been evoked again. The strength diminution developed by those thews, or respiratory thews fatigue in a patient is going to have important therapeutic consequences. This complex pump of ventilation physiopharmacology will represent a considerable research axis in the years to come