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RESUMO Objetivo Determinar o perfil dos acidentes ocupacionais entre cirurgiões-dentistas, envolvendo material biológico, em Fortaleza, CE. Métodos O estudo tem caráter transversal de natureza descritiva e analítica, realizado em Fortaleza, CE, em 2020, a partir de uma amostra de 206 cirurgiões-dentistas. Além das frequências absolutas e percentuais, utilizaram-se testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson e/ou Razão de verossimilhança, ao nível de significância de 5%. Encontraram-se 120 (58.3%) profissionais que sofreram acidentes e destes 107 (89%) através de lesão percutânea. Resultados Dos cirurgiões-dentistas que sofreram acidentes, envolvendo material biológico, identificou-se associação significativa entre ocorrência de acidentes com cirurgiões-dentistas que possuíam uma especialidade (p<0,001) e entre faixa etária e sexo (p=0,008). A maioria relatou ter sido imunizada contra hepatite B 193 (98%) e buscou testes de confirmação sorológica 101 (52%). A procura por atenção especializada após um acidente foi baixa 45 (38%). Conclusão Cirurgiões-dentistas no exercício do atendimento clínico estão passíveis de sofrerem acidentes. Medidas preventivas são importantes, como a utilização correta de equipamentos de proteção individual.
ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to determine the profile of occupational accidents among dental surgeons involving biological material, in the city of Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of descriptive and analytical nature, conducted in the city of Fortaleza, CE, in 2020, from a sample of 206 dental surgeons. Pearson's Chi-square and/or Likelihood Ratio tests at a 5% of significance level were used as well as absolute and percentage frequencies. Results A total of 120 (58.3%) professionals underwent accidents and 107 (89%) of these suffered from percutaneous injury. Considering dental surgeons who had accidents involving biological material, a significant association was identified between the occurrence of accidents with specialized professionals (p<0.001) and between age group and sex (p=0.008). The majority reported having been immunized against hepatitis B 193 (98%), and 101 (52%) of them sought serological confirmation tests. The demand for specialized care after an accident was low with a total of 45 (38%). Conclusion Dental surgeons in their exercise of clinical care are susceptible to under-going accidents. Preventive measures are important, such as the correct use of personal protective equipment.
RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar el perfil de los accidentes de trabajo que afectan a cirujanos dentistas al utilizar material biológico. Métodos El estudio ha tenido un carácter transversal de tipo descriptivo y analítico. Se hizo en Fortaleza, CE, el 2020, con una muestra de 206 cirujanos dentistas. Más allá de las frecuencias absolutas y porcentuales, se hicieron pruebas de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson y Razón de verosimilitud, al nivel de significación del 5%. Se encontraron 120 (el 58,3%) profesionales que sufrieron accidentes y, de estos, 107 (el 89%) con lesión percutánea. Entre los cirujanos que se han accidentado con material biológico se ha identificado una asociación significativa entre la ocurrencia de accidentes con cirujanos dentistas expertos (p>0,001) y entre la edad y sexo (p=0,008). Resultados La mayoría, 193 (el 98%), ha informado haber recibido inmunización contra hepatitis B y 101 (el 52%) se ha buscado confirmar por serología. La búsqueda por atención médica especializada después de un accidente ha sido baja 45 (el 38%). Conclusión Los cirujanos dentistas en servicio clínico son susceptibles de sufrir accidentes. Medidas de prevención como la utilización correcta del equipo de protección individual son importantes.
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ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease associated with delayed wound healing of oral ulcers by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cellular apoptosis. Objective to evaluate the influence of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and apoptosis in rats with DM treated with chamomile extract or triamcinolone. Material and Methods Wistar male rats (210.0±4.2 g) were divided into five groups: negative control group (NCG) without diabetes; positive control group (PCG) with DM (alloxan, 45 mg/kg); and groups treated with chamomile extract (normoglycemic= NCG group and diabetic= DCG group) and with triamcinolone (TG). Traumatic ulcers were performed on all animals that received topical triamcinolone, chamomile extract or saline 12/12 hours for ten days. Results On days five and ten the animals were euthanized and the ulcers were analyzed by light microscopy, TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemically (TNF-α). The NCG (p=0.0062), PCG (p=0.0285), NCG (p=0.0041), and DCG (p<0.0001) groups were completely healed on the 10th day, however, there was no healing on the TG (p=0.5127) group. The TNF-α expression showed a significant reduction from the 5th to the 10th day in NCG (p=0.0266) and DCG (p=0.0062). In connective tissue, the TUNEL assay showed a significant reduction in the number of positive cells in NCG (p=0.0273) and CNG (p=0.0469) and in the epithelium only in CDG (p=0.0320). Conclusions Chamomile extract can optimize the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in diabetic rats through the reduction of apoptosis in the epithelium and TNF-α expression.