IT IT study [the incubation time in tetanus study]

To determine the effect of incubation time on morbidity and mortality in patients with tetanus. Cross Sectional Descriptive Study This study was carried out in the Medicine Department of Saidu Hospital from Jan 2009 to Dec 2012. A total of 30 patients both males and females were included. These tetanus Patients were classified in two Groups. Group I [Short incubation period i.e. less than 7 Days] and Group II [Long incubation period i.e. seven or more than 7days]. The association of short and long incubation time with mortality and morbidity was assessed. There was no mortality in this study. While morbidity was assessed in terms of hospital stay, whether stay was more than 10 days or less than 10 days. In Group I, 17 [85%] patients had a hospital stay of more than 10 days while in Group II Only 3[30%] had a hospital stay of more than 10 days. The results were analyzed using the chi square test of independence. The p value was 0.003. We conclude that short incubation period has definitely association with morbidity which in this study was hospital stay of more than 10 days

Diagnostic yield of lymphocyte rich exudative pleural effusion

To determine the diagnostic yield of lymphocytic rich Pleural effusion in patients with pleural exudates. Observational study. This study was carried out in the Medicine department of Saidu hospital from Jan 2011 to December 2012. Fifty [50] patients with pleural exudates were included. Effusions were classified as transudates or exudates on the basis of Light's criteria. Exudates were further classified as lymphocyte rich or non lymphocyte rich. Lymphocyte rich effusion is one in which [60%] or more than [60%] of the cells are lymphocytes. [80%] of the pleural effusions were lymphocyte rich and [95%] of these effusions were Tuberculous. On the other hand [20%] of the Exudates were non lymphocyte rich and only [5%] of these exudates were tuberculous. The p value was 0.000 [Chi squared=x[2]28.1, df=1]. We conclude that tuberculosis is the commonest cause of lymphocyte rich pleural exudates

PMF [pulmonary massive fibrosis] and the exposure period to the respirable coal dust

To determine the association between pulmonary massive fibrosis and duration of dust exposure in patients with coal worker pneumoconiosis. A cross sectional descriptive study. This study was carried out in the Medicine department of Saidu Teaching Hospital Saidu Sharif swat from Jan 2007 to Dec 2011. One hundred and twenty [120] patients suffering from coal worker pneumoconiosis were included. They were either already diagnosed patients of coal worker pneumoconiosis or newly diagnosed symptomatic patients. Forty four[36.6%] had simple coal worker pneumoconiosis, Forty six [38.3%] had complicated coal worker pneumoconiosis and thirty [25%] had PMF, in which twenty patients[66.6%] had exposure of more than twenty years. The results were analysed using the chisquaretest with a p value of 0.00000472.There is clear association between PMF and exposure period to the respirable coal dust. We conclude that prolonged period of exposure has association with the development of PMF