Muscular Dystrophy- Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy - A Rare Autosomal Dominant Disorder

A 24-year-old man presented to the Medicine OPD of Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa (M.P.), with complaints of weakness of limbs and decrease in muscle mass from past 12 years. He was apparently normal till the age of 8 years, after which, he started developing weakness in the limbs.Weakness of limbs was insidious in onset and gradually progressive in nature, due to which he had to leave schooling. He noticed that he could not get up from sitting position without support, and was unable to climb stairs. The weakness gradually progressed and currently patient is finding it difficult to even walk. It is associated with difficulty in lifting arms above shoulder, combing hair as well as holding heavy objects. He also has complaints of inability to smile, whistle, hold air in mouth, incomplete closure of eyes as well as difficulty in chewing. There was no history of any distal muscle weakness, numbness, abnormal body movement, dysphagia, dysarthria, nasal regurgitation, chest pain, palpitation, breathlessness, bladder and bowel involvement. He is also having no history of any recurrent hospital admission.

Study of Stroke in Young Adults in Vindhya Region

Stroke is the most common life threatening or disabling neurological condition in older population. Although it is not infrequent in young adults, stroke in young adults poses a major socioeconomic health problem especially in developing countries. Increased incidence of stroke in young adult is due to rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Obesity has been recognised as a risk factor in high income countries. In addition smoking, tobacco chewing and alcohol abuse are frequent in young people and have tended to increase over time. Emergent vascular risk factors may also have contributed, in part, to the increase in ischemic stroke.METHODSThis is an observational study conducted in the Department of Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, associated with Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, in the Vindhya region between April 2018 and June 2019.RESULTSOut of 100 patients, 73% patients presented with ischemic stroke, 58% were males and most common clinical presentation was hemiparesis (83%). Associated addictions were smoking, tobacco chewing and alcohol, among which smoking was statistically significant.CONCLUSIONSStroke in young adults can lead to huge socioeconomic burden on society. In our study we found smoking to be a significant risk factor. So, by countering these addictions at various levels of prevention, we can decrease the incidence of stroke in young adults.