Correlation of Anthropometric Measurements of Proximal Tibia with Its Length for Stature Estimation in Forensic Analysis

Background: Estimation of stature is one of the commonly used methods in forensic analysis to establish identity of individuals. Estimation of stature from fragments of long bones is done by deriving linear regression equations. The objective of the present study was to derive a simple regression equation for estimating length of the tibia using the morphometry of proximal end of tibia. Materials and methods: In this descriptive study carried out in the department of anatomy of a medical college, anthropometric measurements of proximal end of 150 dry human tibiae were collected irrespective of the sex and side. The parameters measured included the mediolateral length of the proximal end, the anteroposterior length of the medial and lateral condyle of tibia, anteroposterior length of the intercondylar area, and the circumference of proximal end of tibia. The measurements were done using Vernier calliper and measuring tape. Length of the tibia was estimated by using simple regression analysis. Results: The following linear regression equations were derived. Length of tibia can be calculated by, 29.2749 + (1.1925 × Mediolateral length) ±1.1926, 27.6418 + (2.333 × Anteroposterior length of lateral condyle) ±1.132, 21.8342+(3.2614 ×Anteroposterior length of medial condyle) ±1.328, 33.542 +(0.8952 × Anteroposterior length of intercondylar region) ±1.474, 23.1902 +(0.76379 × Circumference of proximal end) ± 1.134 Conclusion: The study revealed that there is a positive correlation between the measurements of proximal end of tibia and its length. The equation derived would help in forensic analysis to estimate the stature of an individual.

Position Of Mental Foramen In Dry Human Mandibles And Its Significance

Background: The position of mental foramen is very important because it will be helpful to localize the importantneurovascular bundle passing through. It is a landmark to facilitate surgical, local anaesthetic and otherinvasive procedures for dental surgeons performing peri-apical surgery in the mental region of mandible.Aims & Objective: To study morphometric analysis of mental foramen in dry human mandibles.Materials and Methods: 50 dried adult human mandibles with dentition and intact alveolar margin of unknownsex were used for this study. The morphometric measurements were recorded using Vernier callipers.Results: The most commonly present position of the MF as related to the lower set of teeth was in line with thesecond premolar, Type 3 - 48 % cases on the right side and type 4 -52% cases on the left sideConclusion: The knowledge of the distances from surgically encountered anatomical landmarks in the presentstudy provide valuable information to dental surgeons that will facilitate effective localization of the neurovascularbundle passing through mental foramen, thus avoiding complications from local anaesthetic, surgical and otherinvasive procedures. The study is also of forensic significance as the position of mental foramen also helps indetermination of sex of an individual

Study Of Distal Dimensions Of Tibia In Correlation With The Length Of Tibia

Background: In forensic analysis, the estimation of the stature is key in identification of an individual. Thestature of an individual can be estimated from long bones especially the tibia and the femur as these have directcorrelation to the height of an individual. The tibia is ideal in this application as it resists erosion and keeps itsanatomical shape for long even after burial. Mechanical loading is especially high in the distal ends of longbones of the lower limb and as such they display significant inter-individual differences. The use of distaldimensions in estimation of the length of the tibia from skeletal remains has not been reported.Materials and methods: 150 dry and processed tibias irrespective of side, grossly normal and complete wererandomly collected from a medical college of south India. Unossified bones, bones with diseases and injurieshave been excluded.Results: In our study, the mean and standard deviation was calculated for each of the dimensions. The resultswere analysed with simple regression analysis. Pearson’s coefficient determined for each parameter andtabulated. Simple linear regression equations were then deduced from the obtained data which would predictthe expected maximum length of the bone from its various other parameters.Conclusion: Simple regression equations are deducted from the obtained data, which would predict the expectedmaximum length of the tibia from its various parameters