RESUMO
Aims of the study: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa variably correlated to different endoscopic and histologic features. The present prospective study aimed to correlate different endoscopic findings with histomorphological changes and the presence of H. pylori in the gastro-duodenal mucosa, in samples of dyspeptic patients. Methods: 60 dyspeptic patients of 18 years to 60 years of age were selected from outpatient department and screened with gastro-duodenoscopy and biopsy. The presence of H. pylori was determined by urease test on fresh biopsy specimens and histologically using the modified Giemsa stain. Findings were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: Highest (84.6%) H. pylori positivity was seen in the 41-50 years age group. Majority of the patients had a normal upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy; among them majority (61.2%) was positive for H. pylori infection. Most cases with endoscopic lesion in the gastro-duodenal mucosa were also positive for H. pylori infection. On biopsy, chronic gastritis was the most common (73.33%) finding in 44 cases, among them, more than two-third (70.4%) were positive for H. pylori. Conclusion: H. pylori gastritis is strongly associated with peptic ulcer diseases, chronic gastritis and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Endoscopy and biopsy play the main role in diagnosis and identification of the spectrum of involvement.
RESUMO
Background: Pleural effusion has varied aetiological factors. It constitutes one of the major causes of morbidity in India as well in other parts of world. Because of the various aetiologies that can cause pleural effusion, itoften present a diagnostic problem, even after extensive investigations. Objective: In this study, authors aimed to identify the common aetiologies causing pleural effusion and their clinical profile in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study is conducted over a period of one year in tertiary care hospital in West Bengal. 150 patients of pleural effusion above 10 yrs of age were studied. Clinico-pathological, radiological, hematological and biochemical parameters were documented. Results: The most common cause pleural effusion in this study was tuberculosis (64.67%), followed by malignancy (14.67%), parapneumonic effusion (7.33%), cardiac failure (5.33%) and other minor causes. It was commonly seen in male (70%). The occurrence of tubercular pleural effusion was maximum in the age group 31-40 years. Right-sided effusions were more common. Pleural fluid cytology and adenosine deaminase played a pivotal role in the diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion. Conclusion: The present study highlights tuberculosis as the common causative factor for pleural effusion, labels lung carcinoma as the most common cause of malignant pleural effusion, and defines the clinico-pathological, biochemical and imaging characteristics of different aetiologies of pleural effusion.