Establishment of Acquired Aplastic Anemia SD Rat Model / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a stable and rapidly rat model acquired aplastic anemia.@*METHODS@#The SD rats were exposed to Csγ-ray at 3.5 and 4.0 Gy ( 91 cGy/min), and intraperitoneally injected with CTX at 35 mg/( kg·d) and CHL at 45 mg/( kg·d) in d 4, 6 and 8 after irradiation; the WBC, platelet and reticulocyte counts in peripheral blood, the smears and nucleated cells counts of bone marrow were observed.@*RESULTS@#The levels of peripheral blood 3-lineage cells of SD rats treated with Csγ-irradiation combined with cyclophosphamide and chloramphenicol were significantly reduced, among which white blood cells, platelets and reticulocytes decreased rapidly, and the number of bone marrow nucleated cells decreased significantly; bone marrow pathological sections showed severe reduction of hematopoietic cells, and the non-hematopoietic cells such as fat cells increased, and a serve or lightly reduction of bone marrow cells were found.@*CONCLUSION@#The rat model established by Csγ-ray irradiation combined with cyclophosphamide and chloramphenicol meets the clinical characteristics of aplastic anemia, and this study provides a stable rat model for the study of new therapeutic drugs for acquired aplastic anemia.

Effect of Diosgenin on Expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα and Adipokine Secretion in Aplastic Anemia Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of diosgenin on aplastic anemia (AA) mice and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), Adiponectin, Leptin, in order to discuss the potential mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the process of adipemia. Method: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group and model group. The model group was established by 60Coy irradiation combined with tail vein infusion with lymphatic suspension cells of DBA/2 mice. After successful evaluation of the model, the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:model group, low, medium and high-dose diosgenin groups (37.44,74.88,149.76 mg·kg-1·d-1), cyclosporine group (23.5 mg·kg-1·d-1), and tripterygium glycoside group (9.36 mg·kg-1·d-1), and given corresponding drugs by gavage for 14 days. After the intervention, the peripheral blood of mice in each group was detected, and bone marrow smears were collected to evaluate the proliferation of bone marrow. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were isolated and cultured by adherent method and induced by adipogenesis. The mRNA and protein expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, Adiponectin, Leptin in BMMSCs were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) and Western blot. Result: The white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB) and blood platelet (PLT) in peripheral blood of model group were significantly lower than those of normal group (PPγ, C/EBPα, Adiponectin and Leptin in BMMSCs of the model group increased significantly (Pγ, C/EBPα, Adiponectin and Leptin in the middle-dose group diosgenin decreased obviously, which was better than those of Tripterygium glycoside group (P0.05). Conclusion: Diosgenin can promote the recovery of peripheral blood in aplastic anemia mice and improve the hematopoiesis of bone marrow. Diosgenin can reduce the expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα, the formation of adipocytes and the secretion of Adiponectin and Leptin in adipocytes, and effectively inhibit the process of adipose tissue derived from bone BMMSCs.

Establishment of Cs γ ray Combined with Cyclophosphamide and Chloramphenicol-Mediated Mouse Model of Acquired Aplastic Anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To improve and establish the mouse model with aplastic anemia (AA) mediated by Cs γ-ray irradiation combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX) and chloramphenicol (CHL) injection,so as to provide a stable model for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of AA .@*METHODS@#The BALB/c mice were exposed to Cs γ-ray of 3-5 Gy(91 cGy/min) and were intraperitoneally injected with CTX of 25 mg/(kg.d) and CHL of 62.5 mg/(kg.d) at D 4,5 and 6 after irradiation; the WBC, platelet and reticulocyte counts in peripheral blood as well as the mucleated cell count in bone marrow and bone marrow smears were detected .@*RESULTS@#The 3-lineage cells in peripheral blood of BALB/c mouse model with acquired AA were rapidly reduced, especially WBC, platelet and reticulocyte counts were lowest at D 14,the 3-lineage cells in peripheral blood were still severely reduced at D 28; the nucleated cell count in bone marrow significantly dcreased,the bone marrow hyperplasia was reduced or severely reduced; the pathological sections of bone marrow showed the severe reduction of hematopoietic cells and the increased of non-hematopoietic cells such as fat cells.@*CONCLUSION@#The mouse model with acquired AA has been established by Cs γ-ray irradiation combined with CTX and CHL injection. All detection indicators of this model reach to diagnostic criteria for acquired AA,therefore this mouse model may be used as the model for study of pathogenesis and treatment of acquired AA.

Research Progress on the Establishment of Animal Model with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura - Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a chronic and recurrent autoimmune disease, which seriously affects the life quality of patients. At present, a series of new advances have been made in the pathogenesis of ITP, particularly, in the abnormal cellular immunity. However, in the medical studiess generally research of ITP cellular immunity was limited. Therefore, it is urgent to establish an ideal ITP model for the study of ITP pathogenesis, so as to contribute to promote the ITP new treatment progeamme. In this review, the passive modeling inclinding anti-platelet serum modeling, monoclonal antiboty modeling, and active modeling including NZW× BXSB rat modeling, antigenic mimicry modeling, immune splenic cell transplantation modeling, transgenic model, fetal and neonatal allsimmune thrombocytopenia modeling and so on, are summarized.

The research progress on Notch signaling pathway in the regulation of Treg/Th17 cells / 天津医药

Notch family,a kind of important transmembrane signaling proteins,is highly evolutionarily conserved in the development process of multicellular organisms. Notch signaling pathway can precisely regulate cell development process through the interaction between neighboring cells,such as cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.The regulatory T (Treg)cells and T helper 17(Th17)cells are new types of CD4+T cell subsets.In the physiological state of the organism,they can secrete relevant various kinds of cytokines,and systematically regulate the balance of immune system.In recent years, more and more studies have found that close relationship between Notch signaling pathway and Treg/Th17 cell balance, which is extensively involved in the various diseases. Therefore, this paper briefly reviewed the regulation mechanism of Notch signaling pathway on Treg/Th17 cells in diseases such as hematological diseases and autoimmune diseases.

Research on cervical muscle strength in air force pilots / 医用生物力学

Objective To evaluate neck muscular strength（NMS） of the air force pilots and its role in the circumstance of aerial dynamics. Method The tests were performed by using CME-1 Neck Muscle Training Machine with 149 pilots volunteered as test subjects. Each individual’s maximal isometric NMS was evaluated in the extension, flexion, left and right lateral bending directions within a single day. The NMS in each direction was tested for 10 times to choose the maximal peak value in each direction as the NMS for data analysis. The mean of overall peak value in each direction was calculated as the mean neck muscular strength (MNMS). The ratio(r) between MNMS and NMS was calculated to reflect the neck muscular endurance in pilots. Results The NMS in the flexion, extension, and left and right lateral bending directions was （132.0±42.2)N, （205.2±82.2)N, （174.3±76.4)N and （191.2±78.3)N respectively，the NMS in the extension or flexion direction was significantly different (P<0.001) compared with NMS in all the other directions，and the right NMS was significantly higher than the left NMS(P<0.001). The ratios between MNMS and NMS in the flexion, extension and left and right lateral bending directions were 74.24%,72.86%,72.75% and 68.72% respectively. Conclusions To Maximize the efficiency in flight performance and minimize neck injuries induced by +Gz, fighter pilots should be encouraged to perform more on land neck muscle strengthening exercises and improve their head positioning techniques during flight.

Experience of ultralow anterior excision for rectal cancer: 508 cases analysis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the operative techniques and postoperative effects of ultralow anterior excision for rectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 1996 to October 2006, 508 cases with rectal carcinoma at or below the peritoneal reflection with potential to preserve the anal function were divided into two groups. Of the patients, 365 cases underwent ultralow anterior excision and instrumental anastomosis, and 143 cases underwent manual colon-anal anastomosis (Parks operation).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the group with anterior excision, the operations were all completed in the abdominal cavity, and avulsion of distal occlusive end occurred in 3 cases (0.9%), unsuccessful anastomosis happened in 2 cases (0.6%), unsatisfactory anastomosis with incomplete anastomosis circle turned out in 18 cases (5.6%). In the Parks operation group, the anastomosis was carried out manually at the anus and in abdominal cavity. Postoperative defecation function (times, soiling underwear, feeling of urgent defecation) in the group anterior excision was clearly better than that in the group of Parks operation (P < 0.05); difficulty of defecation (sense of residual stool, prolonging of defecation, cathartic usage) was also better in the group with anterior excision (P < 0.05). The anastomosis leakage rate was 3.5% in anterior excision group, compared to 5.6% in Parks operation group (P > 0.05). Anastomotic stenosis occurred in 77 cases (22.5%) in anterior excision group, and 40 cases (27.9%) in Parks operation group (P > 0.05). The local recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate were 11.8% and 68.8% in anterior excision group, and 10.1% and 66.8% in Parks operation group, respectively (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although there is no significant differences in local recurrence and 5-year survival rate between the two groups, the function and difficulty of defecation with instrumental anastomosis demonstrates clear advantages over Parks operation.</p>

The excision of right hemicolonic carcinoma with anterograde clearance to lymph nodes / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the essentials of operation and the postoperative effect of right hemicolonic carcinoma with anterograde clearance of lymph nodes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty-five patients with right hemicolonic infiltrated carcinoma, who were eligible for radical excision (D(3)), were divided into 2 groups. Among them, the anterograde clearance of lymph nodes was performed on 56 cases; the retrograde clearance was performed on 79 cases. Both groups showed no significant difference in age, sex, Dukes' staging and pathological type.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average time of operation: the anterograde group was (180 +/- 40) min; the retrograde group was (180 +/- 20) min. The average amount of bleeding: the anterograde group was (200 +/- 80) ml; the retrograde group was (200 +/- 30) ml. The cleared number of lymph nodes: the anterograde group were 6.3 +/- 4.2, 2.6 +/- 3.1, 1.5 +/- 2.3 in paracolon, middle and radicel of vasorum respectively, the total number was 11.4 +/- 8.6; the retrograde group were 6.4 +/- 2.2, 2.8 +/- 2.1, 1.1 +/- 1.1 respectively, the total number was 10.8 +/- 5.6 (P > 0.05). The postoperative metastasis to liver: the anterograde group was 8 cases (13.9%); the retrograde group was 21 cases (26.6%, P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate: the anterograde group was 72.8% (41/56); the retrograde group was 65.5% (52/79) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The operative technique of the excision was little difficulty and complexity, and it could fit well with the requirement of non touch isolation, and act to cut down the postoperative metastasis to liver and to elevate 5-year survival rate.</p>

The effective analysis on clearance of pararectal lymph nodes for carcinoma of rectum / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To consider the relationship to survival rate and quality of life with pararectal lymphadenectomy for lower carcinoma of rectum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The radical operation was performed on 780 cases of progressive cancer located at peritoneal reflection or below it, Among them, 352 cases only cleared in abdominal cavity, 428 cases coupled with extra-peritoneal histopathological type.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Urinary function injured, the group cleared in abdominal cavity was 12 cases, accounted for 3.6%; the group coupled with extra-peritoneal clearance was 225 cases, for 52.5% (P < 0.01). Sexual function damaged (only for male), the abdominal cavity group was 23 cases, for 12.6% (23/185); the coupled group was 127 cases, for 53.4% (127/238), (P < 0.01). Local relapse rate, the abdominal cavity group was 15.8% (56/352); the coupled group was 8.6% (41/428), (P < 0.05). 5-year survival rate, the abdominal cavity group was 52.2%; the coupled group was 58.5% (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>By contrast, although abdominal cavity coupled with extraperitoneal lymphadenectomy acted to cut down local relapse and to elevate 5-year survival rate, the postoperative quality of life appeared to be seriously affected.</p>

Trans-sacral local resection for rectal cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the effect and the indication of local resection for rectal cancer below the peritoneal reflection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty-four patients with early rectal carcinoma whose masses were >or= 5 cm or <or= 7 cm apart from the anus border, eminence or surface shape, 1 - 3 cm in the diameter, and could be shook up and down or sideways at basal part. Trans-sacral local resection was performed in all patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No recurrence appeared in 47 patients with intra-mucosal carcinoma (M-Ca). In 87 patients with submucosal carcinoma (SM-Ca), 3 patients were positive for the cutting end, 8 showed vessel infiltration, and 5 showed low-differentiated adenocarcinoma. These patients had to accept mile's operation, but one patient had local recurrence and 2 patients had liver metastases. Two patients had local recurrence and 8 had metastasis of the liver and other sites. The total 5-year survival rate was 94%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Trans-sacral local resection is an optimal operation since the operative range is small and artificial anus is avoided. However, it is only suitable for early rectal carcinoma. When vessel infiltration or low differentiation or positive cutting end are confirmed, radical operation should be added.</p>