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The paper reviewed the development course and achievements of hospice and palliative care, looked forward to the trend of informatization and standardization of palliative care service, and popular trend of death education.
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The paper systematically summarizes the history, current situation and existing problems of the theoretical research, teaching and clinical practice of Hospice and Palliative care in China, and put forward suggestions to promote the healthy development of Hospice and Palliative care in China, so as to provide reference for popularizing and improving the service quality of Hospice and Palliative care.
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Objective@#To explore the effect of anxiety, depression, perceived social support on maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) in women during late pregnancy.@*Method@#A sample of 207 cases of women during late pregnancy was assessed with Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.@*Results@#Anxiety and depression scores were negatively correlated with MFA scores (r=-0.401,-0.416, P<0.01); perceived social support scores were negatively correlated with anxiety and depression (r=-0.233,-0.362, P<0.01), but positively correlated with MFA scores (r=0.200, P<0.01). The interactive effects of anxiety×perceived social support and depression × perceived social support on MFA were significant(β=0.196、0.204, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Perceived social support played a moderating role between negative emotion and MFA.
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The paper systematically summarizes the history, current situation and existing problems of the theoretical research, teaching and clinical practice of Hospice and Palliative care in China, and put forward suggestions to promote the healthy development of Hospice and Palliative care in China, so as to provide reference for popularizing and improving the service quality of Hospice and Palliative care.
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Objective To explore the effect of anxiety, depression, perceived social support on maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) in women during late pregnancy. Method A sample of 207 cases of women during late pregnancy was assessed with Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results Anxiety and depression scores were negatively correlated with MFA scores (r=-0.401,-0.416, P<0.01); perceived social support scores were negatively correlated with anxiety and depression (r=-0.233,-0.362, P<0.01), but positively correlated with MFA scores (r=0.200, P<0.01). The interactive effects of anxiety×perceived social support and depression×perceived social support on MFA were significant(β=0.196、0.204, P<0.01). Conclusion Perceived social support played a moderating role between negative emotion and MFA.
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Objective To translate Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-efficacy Scale (RASE) into Chinese and to evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods A total of 188 hospitalized patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were selected as research subjects through convenience sampling method. According to the translation mode of the scale, Chinesization and cultural adjustment were conducted to the English version of RASEto test reliability and validity. Results Item analysis showed that the Chinese version of RASE could discriminate the high-score group from the low-score group (P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between the score of each item and the total score of the Chinese version of RASE was positively correlated (P<0.01).Exploratory factor analysis extracted a total of 8 common factors, which explained 68.55％of the total variance. The Cronbachαof the Chinese version of RASE was 0.901, and Cronbachαof each dimension ranged from 0.660 to 0.867;the retest reliability was 0.955 after 1 week, and ranged from 0.819 to 0.984 for each dimension;the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.848. Conclusion The Chinese version of RASE has good reliability and validity, which can be applied to the research of self-efficacy of patients with RA in China.
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The typical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis are joint pain, swollen and morning stiffness.If the disease is not treated promptly and reasonably,most patients will face joint deformity and physical disability. At present, the choice of evaluation tools related to physical disability is still lack of basis, the influencing factors have not reached the academic consensus, the related interventions are insufficient, rheumatoid arthritis patientsˊ rehabilitation and quality of life can be affected. This article reviews the above three aspects in order to provide the theoretical basis for the development of similar studies and interventions in China.
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Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of fear of falling (FOF) in patients with first ever cerebral infarction. Methods A sample of 105 inpatients with cerebral infarction were recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Tianjin (Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM) to complete this research. They were investigated with the simplified Chinese version of Falls Efficacy Scale International-short (FES-Is), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Barthel Index Rating Scale (BI) and Functional Ambulation Category Scale (FAC). Results The total score of FES-Is was 15.38±7.45. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that age, marital status, fall history, walking ability and anxiety were important factors of FOF. Conclusions Clinical staff should guide the patients with first cerebral infarction especially who had a history of falling to take active and effective measures to deal with their FOF, and pay more attention on patients who was elderly, without a spouse, assisted walking and anxiety, to release their FOF, prevent the falling and promote the functional recovery of patients.
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@#Objective To introduce the Chinese version of short Falls Efficacy Scale International (short FES-I) and test its reliability and validity in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods The English version and the traditional Chinese version of short FES-I were ob-tained from the Prevention of Falls Network Europe, and the simplified Chinese version was developed after a further revision. A sample of 105 inpatients with cerebral infarction from December 2014 to May 2015 were recruited from 2 tertiary hospitals in Tianjin. They were in-vestigated with the simplified Chinese version of short FES-I, modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). At the same time, the laboratory indexes of the patients were collected. Results The Cronbach'sαcoefficient of short FES-I was 0.98 and the score of short FES-I was negatively correlated with MFES (r=-0.41, P<0.001). Short FES-I was correlated wtih GAD-7 score (r=0.52, P<0.001), PHQ-9 score (r=0.46, P<0.001) and the level of C reaction protein (r=0.21, P=0.032), but uncorrelated with other laboratory indexes (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the score of short FES-I be-tween the patients with or without falling. Conclusion Short FES-I is valid and internal consistant, and can be used as an assessment tool to screen fear of falling among patients with cerebral infarction.
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Objective To observe the occurrence of hyperhomocysteinemia among patients suffering from cerebral infarction,and explore the possible risk factors.Methods Data of 144 cerebral infarction patients were collected from a tertiary hospital in Tianjin including gender,age,diabetes mellitus,hypertension,smoking,alcoholism,plasma homocysteine,HbAlc and biochemical criterion.Two groups were created as the hyperhomocysteinemia group and the control group based on serum homocysteine levels.Risk factor for hyperhomocysteinemia was analyzed by application of Logistic regression.Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that hyperhomocysteinemia was associated with gender,smoking,drinking and HbAlc levels in patients.Conclusions Male,smoking,drinking and diabetes mellitus were the possible risk factors in cerebral infarction patients.
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ObjectiveTo design the scale of death attitude for Chinese nurses and evaluate its validity and reliability.MethodsThe scale draft was formed through the literature review,the formal scale was got via expert consultation and interview survey of 20 cases of small sample.120 clinical nurses were selected for investigation.Then item analysis,factor analysis,correlation analysis and reliability analysis were applied to establish the scale′s validity and reliability.ResultsThe nursing staff death attitude scale consisted of 25 items,the varimax rotation factor analysis of the scale identified seven principal factors and explained for 63.732％ variances.The correlation coefficient between each item and its domain was 0.498～0.808,the Cronbach′s α coefficient of five domains was 0.595～0.774,the Cronbach′s α and split-half coefficient for the whole scale were 0.824 and 0.868 respectively.ConclusionsThe scale has high reliability and validity,and it can be the effective test instrument for death attitude of nurses in China.
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Objective To develop a Chinese version of Death Attitude Proevaluate its reliability and validity by applying it in the Chinese Christians.Methods After undergoing forward and backward translation of the DAP-R by expert consultation and in-depth interview,150 Christians over 40 years old were recruited to complete the Chinese version of DAP-R,And then factor analysis,correlation analysis and reliability analysis were applied to establish the scale's construct validity and reliability.Results The final scale consisted of five dimensions with 25 items; the varimax rotation factor analysis of the scale identified seven principal factors and explained for 67.075% variances; the correlation coefficient between each item and its domain was 0.432～0.850; Cronbach's α coefficient of five domains were 0.585～0.853,the Cronbach's α and split-half coefficient for the whole scale were 0.840 and 0.843 respectively.Conclusions The Chinese version of DAP-R possesses acceptable validity and reliability in the setting of Christians,and more in-depth study on the scale needs to be done in a wider population.
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Objective To learn about the average development tendency and level of the social adaptability of undergraduate students and students of diploma degree of nursing speciality,and to provide reference and guidance to numing speciality students in their career planning.Methods A survey was made with the Social Adaptability of Nursing Speciality College Students Questionnaire designed by the authors on 1007 randomly selected nursing speciality students of undergraduate and diploma level in Tianjin and Guangzhou.Results As for first-year undergraduate students,the social adaptability of those from cities is significantly higher than that of those from countryside families(t=3.08,P＜0.01);while for the third-year diploma degree and the fifth-year undergraduate urban students,their social adaptability is significantly lower than that of students from countryside who are in the same grades(t=11.24,P＜0.01;t=2.14,P＜0.05).As to the total score on social adaptability,the mean-value of students from southern parts of China is higher than that of students from northern parts(t=2.16,P＜0.05);students from one-child families are significantly lower than students from more-than-one-child families(t=2.20.P＜0.05);students from families of high and medium level educational backgrounds is significantly higher than that of students from junior middle school and even lower level educational backgrounds families.Subscale comparison:the mean-value of students from southern parts of China is only higher than that of students from northern parts on relationship ability(t=0.39,P＞0.05).As for the Life Self-care subscale and the Frustration Endurance Subscale,the mean-values of those only-child students are significantly lower than students from more-than-one-child families(t=7.28,P＜0.05;t=1.53,P＞0.05),however,the mean-value of the former group students in term of stress reaction capability is significantly higher than students of the latter group(t=3.79,P＞0.05).Conclusion Different family backgrounds and different education level of the parents can both affect the social adaptability of nursing speciality college students.