Reconstrucción de herida compleja de tórax posterior a resección agresiva por cáncer de mama avanzado / Complex chest wound reconstruction following aggressive resection for advanced breast cancer

Los grandes defectos torácicos requieren generalmente procedimientos complejos para su reparación; en la mayoría de los casos es necesaria la combinación de tejidos autólogos y materiales protésicos, por lo que constituye un desafío para el cirujano plástico. En nuestra experiencia se presenta una herida compleja de la pared torácica secundaria a exéresis tumoral. En general se dispone de varias opciones reconstructivas para cubrir los defectos resultantes de las amplias escisiones y poder aportar colgajos vascularizados, amplios y voluminosos. A pesar de no disponer en nuestro caso con los tejidos regionales más comúnmente usados, hemos podido dar cobertura a todo el defecto y se ha garantizado una adecuada estabilidad de la pared torácica. Se tuvo como objetivo mostrar la forma en que se realizó la reconstrucción inmediata con la combinación de colgajo de rotación y material protésico. En este artículo se revisa el hemicolgajo dermograso abdominal, la técnica de elevación y sus ventajas e inconvenientes. Se trata de una técnica de gran seguridad, versátil, con pocas secuelas en la zona donante, de tiempo quirúrgico relativamente corto.

Large thoracic defects require complex procedures for repair, in most cases it requires the combination of autologous tissues and prosthetic materials. A complex wound secondary to tumor exeresis was presented in our service. Among the multiple reconstructive options, a rotation and advancement abdominal dermofat hemicolgajo was chosen. Resulting in a technique of great safety, versatile, with little sequel in the donor area, and short surgical time

Utilidad de la prueba de tolerancia de comida mixta con Nutrial I para la evaluación de la función de las células beta en diabetes tipo 1 / Usefulness of the tolerance test of mixed food with Nutrial I for the assessment of beta cells function in diabetes type 1

RESUMEN Introducción: La prueba de tolerancia de comida mixta es considerada la prueba de oro para la medición de la producción de insulina endógena en pacientes con diabetes tipo 1. Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad de la prueba de tolerancia de comida mixta con Nutrial I para evaluar la función de las células ß en diabéticos tipo 1 de diagnóstico reciente y la relación de esa función con algunas características clínicas y bioquímicas. Métodos: Se estudiaron variables bioquímicas como la glucemia, hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), péptido C y fracciones lipídicas. La prueba de tolerancia de comida mixta con Nutrial I se aplicó a 18 sujetos con diabetes tipo 1 de diagnóstico reciente y a 8 voluntarios con edades comprendidas entre 19 y 35 años. El consumo del suplemento Nutrial I se calculó según el peso del paciente. Se obtuvieron muestras para glucemia y péptido C a los -10, 0, 30, 60, 90 y 120 minutos. Resultados: Se observaron concentraciones elevadas de glucemia y disminuidas de péptido C durante la prueba de tolerancia de comida mixta en los diabéticos tipo 1 de diagnóstico reciente, en comparación con los voluntarios, así como, diferencias en las áreas bajo la curva de péptido C (AUC-pc) (p= 0,001). En los diabéticos tipo 1 de diagnóstico reciente se evidenció una correlación negativa entre el AUC-pc con los niveles de glucemia en ayunas (r= -0,747; p ( 0,0001) y la HbA1c (r= -0,535; p= 0,022). Por el contrario, se encontró una correlación positiva entre el AUC-pc y el péptido C en ayunas (r= 0,722; p= 0,001). El AUC-pc después de la prueba de tolerancia de comida mixta es mayor en los sujetos con glucemia en ayunas si GA < 7 mmol/L con respecto a los sujetos con glucemia en ayunas ( 7 mmol/L (p= 0,012). Conclusiones: El empleo del Nutrial I en la prueba de tolerancia de comida mixta fue útil en la evaluación de la función de las células β en diabéticos tipo 1 de diagnóstico reciente. Los valores bajos de glucemia en ayunas durante esta prueba son marcadores indirectos de una función residual de células ( más conservada en los diabéticos tipo 1 de diagnóstico reciente(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The tolerance test of mixed food is considered the gold standard for the measurement of endogenous insulin production in patients with diabetes type 1. Objective: To determine the usefulness of the tolerance test of mixed food with Nutrial I to assess the ß-cells function in patients with diabetes type 1 of recent diagnosis and the relation of this function with some clinical and biochemical characteristics. Methods: There were studied biochemical variables as the blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), C-peptide and lipid fractions. The tolerance test of mixed food with Nutrial I was applied to 18 individuals with diabetes type 1 of recent diagnosis and in 8 volunteers aged between 19 and 35 years old. The consumption of Nutrial I supplement was calculated according to the weight of the patient. Samples were obtained for blood glucose and C-peptide at -10, 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Results: There were observed high concentrations of glycemia and decreased amounts of C-peptide during the tolerance test of mixed food in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetics in comparison with the volunteers, as well as differences in areas under the curve of C-peptide (AUC-pc) (p= 0.001). In the recently diagnosed type 1 diabetics was evident a negative correlation between the AUC-pc with fasting plasma glucose levels (r= -0,747; p(0.0001) and HbA1c (r= -0,535; p= 0.022). On the contrary, it was found a positive correlation between the AUC-pc and fasting C-peptide (r = 0.722; p = 0.001). The AUC-pc after the tolerance test of mixed food was greater in subjects with fasting blood glucose < 7 mmol/L with respect to the subjects with fasting blood glucose ( 7 mmol/L (p= 0.012). Conclusions: The use of Nutrial I in the tolerance test of mixed food was useful in the assessment of the role of the β-cells in patients with recently diagnosed diabetes type 1. Low values of fasting blood glucose during this test are indirect markers of a residual function of (cells more preserved in type 1 diabetics of recent diagnosis(AU)

Minocycline and Its Impact on Microbial Dysbiosis in the Skin and Gastrointestinal Tract of Acne Patients

Serological and molecular evaluation of parvovirus B19 (B19V) in blood donors from the Blood Center of Brasília, Brazil: focus on women of childbearing age / Avaliação sorológica e molecular do parvovírus B19 (B19V) em doadores de sangue da Fundação Hemocentro de Brasília, Brasil: foco em mulheres em idade fértil

ABSTRACT Parvovirus B19 (B19V) can be transmitted by the respiratory route, vertically - from the mother to the fetus - and via blood transfusion or organ transplantation. Infection by transfusion of blood or blood products occurs due to the resistance of B19V to viral inactivation methods. Our study evaluated the presence of B19V deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the prevalence of anti-B19V class G immunoglobulin (IgG) in women of childbearing age blood donors of the Federal District, Brazil. Our results demonstrated the absence of B19V DNA in these blood donors. However, the seroprevalence for anti-B19V IgG was observed in 60.7% of this population. This study provides important data of B19V circulation in the Center-West of Brazil.

RESUMO O parvovírus B19 (B19V) pode ser transmitido por via respiratória, verticalmente - da mãe para o feto - e via transfusão de sangue e transplante de órgãos. A infecção por transfusão de sangue ou hemoderivados ocorre devido à resistência do B19V aos métodos de inativação viral. Nosso estudo avaliou a presença do ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) B19V e a prevalência de imunoglobulina da classe G (IgG) anti-B19V em mulheres em idade fértil, doadoras de sangue do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Nossos resultados demonstraram a ausência de DNA de B19V nesses doadores. No entanto, foi observada a soroprevalência de IgG anti-B19V em 60,7% dessa população. Este estudo fornece dados importantes da circulação do B19V no Centro-Oeste do Brasil.

How interdisciplinary psychoeducational programs with a psychodrama approach can help the chronic pain treatment compliance / Como programas psicoeducativos interdisciplinares de abordagem psicodramática podem ajudar na adesão ao tratamento para dores crônicas

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Psychoeducational programs with a cognitive behavioral approach are pointed out in the literature as effective tools in the management of chronic pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a psychodrama approach of the program has similar effects, as well as identifying if there are benefits in developing them at the beginning multidisciplinary treatments to foster the compliance to the proposed treatments. METHODS: The study was a quasi-experimental one, with a non-probabilistic sample, for convenience. Ninety patients with chronic pain of several etiologies who started treatment in a tertiary hospital in the city of São Paulo in the period from 2015 to 2017, were invited. Among them, 81 concluded one of the 6 programs. Patients were evaluated with several resources before and at the end of the program. RESULTS: The results obtained are similar to the ones in the literature: reduction of anxious and depressive traits, and intensity of pain; increase in active strategies of confrontation and alteration in the period of the change stage. Moreover, to deal with pain as a chronic process interferes with the patients' identity, which can be observed by the change in the pattern of living with the pain, that can contribute or disturb the compliance to the proposed multidisciplinary treatments. CONCLUSION: The development of psychoeducational programs with a different approach (Psychodrama) for people who suffer from chronic pain can have beneficial effects, similar to the groups described in the literature.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Programas psicoeducativos de abordagem cogntivo-comportamental são apontados na literatura como ferramentas eficazes no manejo de dores crônicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o programa sob abordagem psicodramática tem efeitos similares, assim como identificar se há benefícios desenvolvê-los no início dos tratamentos multidisciplinares para a adesão aos tratamentos propostos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, com amostra não probabilística por conveniência. Foram convocados 90 pacientes com dores crônicas de diversas etiologias que iniciaram tratamento em um hospital terciário da cidade de São Paulo no período de 2015 a 2017, dentre os quais 81 deles concluíram um dos 6 programas. Os pacientes foram avaliados por diversos recursos antes e ao final do programa. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos são semelhantes aos da literatura: diminuição de traços ansiosos, depressivos e de intensidade de dor; aumento de estratégias de enfrentamento ativas e alteração do estágio de mudança. Além disso, lidar com a dor como um processo crônico interfere na identidade dos pacientes, o que pode ser observado pela mudança do padrão de convívio com a dor, podendo contribuir ou atrapalhar na adesão aos tratamentos multidisciplinares propostos. CONCLUSÃO: O desenvolvimento de programas psicoeducativos para as pessoas que sofrem com dores crônicas em outras abordagens (Psicodrama) também podem ter efeitos benéficos semelhantes aos grupos descritos na literatura.

Fatty acid composition from the marine red algae Pterocladiella capillacea (S. G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand 1997 and Osmundaria obtusiloba (C. Agardh) R. E. Norris 1991 and its antioxidant activity

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of fatty acids from the marine red algae Pterocladiella capillacea (S. G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand 1997 and Osmundaria obtusiloba (C. Agardh) R. E. Norris 1991. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified nine fatty acids in the two species. The major fatty acids of P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba were palmitic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity of fatty acids was moderate ranging from 25.90% to 29.97%. Fatty acids from P. capillacea (31.18%) had a moderate ferrous ions chelating activity (FIC), while in O. obtusiloba (17.17%), was weak. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of fatty acids from P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba was low. As for β-carotene bleaching (BCB), P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba showed a good activity. This is the first report of the antioxidant activities of fatty acids from the marine red algae P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba.

Avaliação da infectividade parasitária a Lutzomyia longipalpis por xenodiagnóstico em cães tratados para leishmaniose visceral naturalmente adquirida / Evaluation of parasite infectivity for Lutzomyia longipalpis by xenodiagnosis in dogs treated for natural visceral leishmaniasis

O efeito de um protocolo quimioterápico multidrogas contra a leishmaniose visceral (LV) canina, sobre a capacidade de transmissão de Leishmania infantum ao vetor, foi analisado por meio de xenodiagnóstico. Trinta e cinco cães naturalmente infectados foram avaliados antes e durante o tratamento com a combinação de metronidazol, cetoconazol e alopurinol a cada três meses por até um ano. Em cada avaliação, os cães foram individualmente submetidos ao xenodiagnóstico e quantificação da carga parasitária por PCR quantitativa. O tratamento foi eficaz em bloquear a transmissibilidade parasitária do cão para o flebotomíneo (p= 0,011) nos cães avaliados. Houve significante correlação entre recuperação clínica e infectividade: cães com melhora clínica mais evidente apresentaram menores chances de transferir L. infantum ao Lutzomyia longipalpis via xenodiagnóstico (r=0,528, p= 0,002). Esses resultados demonstram que o tratamento canino com o protocolo proposto pode representar uma alternativa ao sacrifício de cães no Brasil como medida de controle da doença, uma vez que as drogas utilizadas não são aplicadas ao tratamento da LV humana em áreas endêmicas.(AU)

The outcome of a multidrug chemotherapeutic protocol against canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been evaluated for its effect on dogs' capacity of transferring Leishmania infantum to sand flies by xenodiagnosis. Thirty-five naturally infected dogs were examined before and during treatment with a combination of metronidazole, ketoconazole, and allopurinol, at every three months up to one year. For each evaluation, treated dogs were individually submitted to xenodiagnosis and quantitative PCR to quantify parasite load in sand flies. The treatment was effective in blocking parasite transmission from host to sand flies (p=0.011) in the assessed dogs. There was a significant correlation between clinical improvement and sand fly infectivity: dogs that achieved better clinical conditions showed a lower chance of L. infantum transference to vector by xenodiagnosis (r=0.528, p=0.002). These results demonstrate that the treatment of dogs with the proposed protocol may represent an alternative to dog culling in Brazil for disease control, since these drugs are not used for treating human VL in endemic areas.(AU)

Heterotopía Gástrica Rectal. Reporte de un Caso / Rectal Gastric Heterotopia. A Case Report

La mucosa gástrica heterotópica es una alteración caracterizada por la presencia de mucosa gástrica fuera del estómago siendo la ubicación más frecuente en esófago. La heterotopía gástrica del recto es un hallazgo infrecuente, con sólo 50 casos reportados hasta el momento, descripta por primera vez en 1939. A continuación, describimos un caso de heterotopía gástrica en recto haciendo una breve actualización de las manifestaciones, posibles etiologías y opciones terapéuticas.

Heterotopic gastric mucosa is an anomaly that is characterized by the appearance of gastric mucosa out of the stomach, usually in the esophagus. The gastric heterotopia in rectum is a rare finding -of which only 50 cases reported so far- that was first described in 1939. Below, we describe a case of gastric heterotopia in rectum briefly updating the manifestations, possible causes and therapeutic options.

Growth of the silverside Atherinella brasiliensis in a subtropical estuary with some insights concerning the weight-length relationship

ABSTRACT Specimens of Brazilian silverside (Atherinella brasiliensis, n=9672) with a length range of 1.5 to 14.2 cm were captured in the intertidal areas of the Estuarine Complex of Paranaguá, Brazil, between August 2010 and July 2011. The species' weight-length relationship was represented by the equation W=0.00533 L3.136 with a slightly positive allometry (b>3) and could be divided into two growth stanzas: W = W1 + W2; Stanza 1: W1= SW. (0.005239 L3.152); Stanza 2: W2= (1 - SW). (0.000699 L3.913); Switch-Function: SW = [1 + e1.204 (L - 11.66)]-1. The breakpoint between the first and second stanza (11.66 cm) matches published values for the estimated size at first maturity of adult females. Frequency distributions indicate that the species is present in the shallow areas of the Estuarine Complex of Paranaguá during all phases of its ontogenetic development, with the recruitment of juveniles taking place between October and November. Modal displacement was monitored throughout 12 months. The von Bertalanffy growth model and longevity was estimated as follow: asymptotic length (L∞) of 17.5 cm, growth coefficient (K) of 0.89 (year-1) and longevity (A95) of 3.33 years. We present some considerations with regard to the general methodology for adjusting weight-length relationships.

Morpho-anatomical study of Ageratum conyzoides

ABSTRACT Ageratum conyzoides L., belonging to the family Asteraceae, is a tropical plant found in some regions of Africa, Asia and South America. This species is popularly known as billy goat weed, “mentrasto” and “catinga-de-bode” and has a large variety of secondary metabolites and biological activities mentioned in the literature. The objective of this work was to contribute the pharmacobotanical standardization of A. conyzoides. Cross-sections were obtained, by hand, for microscopic characterization of root, stem, petiole and leaf blade; to the leaf blade were still made paradermal and longitudinal sections, scanning electron microscopy analysis and maceration. The analysis showed that secretory structures ducts are evidenced only in the petiole and the leaf blade. The root has parenchymatous medullar region; stem, petiole and leaf blade exhibit striated cuticle. Non-glandular trichomes are present in stem, petiole and leaf blade, while capitate glandular trichomes are present only in the leaf blade and are restricted to the abaxial face. These anatomical features are useful for diagnosis of the species and provide support to their quality control.

Extended Validation Study of the Thinking and Creative Style Scale: Development of a Shorter Version / Ampliação do Estudo de Validação da Escala Estilos de Pensar e Criar: Desenvolvimento de uma Versão Reduzida

ABSTRACT There are several measures of cognition and creative styles, however few of them are valid and short enough to be administered in different settings. Therefore, this study had two purposes: to reanalyze and obtain validity evidence of the Scale of Thinking and Creative Scale (STCS), developed by Wechsler, measuring five styles, based on a progression of increasingly rigorous exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic procedures, and (b) to provide a viable psychometrically sound short version of this scale. Based on a sample of 1,752 Brazilians (55% women; ages 14 to 70) living in four states (93% from Sao Paulo), results strongly supported five dimensions of thinking and creative style, thus indicating the validity and reliability of the abridged STCS version.

RESUMO Existem várias medidas de estilos de pensar e criar, porém poucas são validadas e suficientemente curtas para administração em diferentes ambientes. Portanto, este estudo teve dois objetivos: (a) reanalisar e validar a Escala de Estilos de Pensar e Criar, desenvolvida por Wechsler, que mede cinco estilos, baseando-se em uma progressão de procedimentos estatísticos rigorosos de análises fatorial exploratória e confirmatória; (b) propor uma versão reduzida dessa escala, atendendo aos parâmetros psicométricos. Baseando-se em amostra de 1.752 brasileiros (55% mulheres, idades 14-70 anos) vivendo em quatro estados (93% de SP), os resultados demonstraram que existem cinco dimensões dos estilos de pensar e criar, que podem ser medidos de forma válida e precisa por meio de uma versão reduzida desta escala.

Utilização da metodologia "problem based learning" na disciplina de oclusão, na FO/UFG / Use of the methodology "problem based learning" in the discipline of occlusion, in FO/UFG

Objetivo: Este estudo constituiu-se na aplicação da metodologia PBL (Problem-Based Learning) na disciplina de Oclusão. Material e métodos: a amostra constituiu-se de 59 estudantes matriculados na disciplina de Oclusão da FO-UFG, do ano letivo em curso, que foram divididos em seis grupos, sendo cinco composto de 10 alunos e um com 9 alunos. Cada conteúdo da disciplina foi realizado por meio de casos clínicos previamente elaborados e discutidos sequencialmente e de acordo com o grau de complexibilidade do assunto, em módulos, orientados por um tutor. Na última etapa aplicou-se um questionário, por meio do qual observou-se as percepções dos acadêmicos acerca da metodologia utilizada, cujos resultados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente por porcentagem simples. Resultados: verificou-se que o método foi eficaz (61%), despertou o interesse pela disciplina e a busca de conhecimento na literatura (52%), possibilitou aferir o conhecimento do estudante (86,4%) ao passo que 5,1% afirmaram que esse método não foi capaz de aferir conhecimento. Conclusões: constatou-se que o método utilizado de ensino-aprendizagem estimulou o estudante a aprender a aprender possibilitando que ele tenha uma visão integral da disciplina dentro do contexto do curso de odontologia.

Objective: This study consisted in the application of PBL methodology (Problem-Based Learning) in the discipline of occlusion. Methods: the show consisted of 59 students enrolled in the course Occlusion FO-UFG, the school year, which were divided into six groups, five composed of 10 students and one with 9 students. Each content of the course was conducted through clinical cases previously prepared and discussed sequentially and according to the degree of complexity of the subject, in modules, guided by a tutor. In the last step was applied a questionnaire, through which there was the perceptions of academics about the methodology used, the results were statistically analyzed using percentages. Results: it was found that the method was effective (61%), aroused the interest of discipline and the pursuit of knowledge in the literature (52%), made possible to assess the student's knowledge (86.4%) whereas 5.1 % stated that this method was not able to assess knowledge. Conclusions: it was found that the method of teaching and learning encouraged students to learn to learn enabling it to have a comprehensive view of the subject within the dentistry course content.

Remoção de cárie e proservação de restaurações com ionômero de vidro em escolares da rede pública de ensino de Goiânia-Goiás / Carie removes and glass ionomer cements restorations follow up in schoolchildren at public schools from Goiania-Goias

A gravidade das consequências advindas da doença cárie justifica a importância de se desenvolver novas práticas educacionais, preventivas e assistenciais de saúde bucal, em especial para grupos populacionais de nível socioeconômico mais baixo. A partir de um estudo descritivo, de intervenção clínica, foram realizadas ações restauradoras e educativas com crianças de escola municipal da cidade de Goiânia-GO, com intuito de devolver a saúde bucal e restabelecer o seu bem estar. As atividades restauradoras consistiram em utilização de Cimento de Ionômero de Vidro (CIV), em dentes decíduos e permanentes. As atividades educativas consistiram em atividades lúdicas e escovação supervisionada. Realizaram-se palestras com o objetivo de conscientizar pais e/ou responsáveis e professores sobre a importância em dar continuidade ao trabalho realizado prezando uma boa saúde bucal e geral. Num total de 112 crianças examinadas, 71 (64%) apresentaram uma ou mais lesões cariosas, totalizando 201, cujos dentes foram restaurados. Após 4 meses da realização do tratamento, as restaurações foram reavaliadas e apenas 6 casos foram retratados. Conclui-se que o CIV é um material restaurador eficiente, de baixo custo e alto rendimento, que quando aliado a um planejamento educativo, pode devolver a saúde bucal do paciente.

Keeping in mind the serious consequences resulting from dental cavities, we must reafirm the importance of developing new educational and preventative practices to improve oral health, especially for populations who have less economic opportunities. Starting with a descriptive study of clinical intervention, there was begun a program of restorative treatment and concurrant education with children in the municipal schools of the City of Goiania; with the intention of restoring their oral health and their overall well-being. The restorative activities consisted of the use of Glass Ionamer Cement(GIC) a restorative material which is inexpensive and high yielding, in both first and second teeth. The educational activities consisted of games and supervised teeth brushing. Also, there were given lectures to parents and other responsible adults, as well as teachers about the importance of giving continuity to the work that had been started and stressing the importance of both oral and general health. In the total of 112 children examined, 71(64%) had one or more cavities, totaling 200 cavities. 12 cases were not treated sine in these cases the teeth were too decayed to be helped. An average of 1.67 cavities for each child were found and an average of 2.64 cavities were treated on each child in need. 3 months after the treatment the restorations were reevaluated and only 6 cases had to be redone; showing the efficiency of the GIC in all the other restorations. The CIV is a restorative material inexpensive and high yielding, associate with educative planning may give up the oral health.

Validation of a spectrophotometric methodology for the quantification of polysaccharides from roots of Operculina macrocarpa (jalapa)

The roots from Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb., Convolvulaceae, are widely used in Brazilian traditional medicine as a laxative and purgative. The biological properties of this drug material have been attributed to its polysaccharides content. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the polysaccharide content in drug material from O. macrocarpa by spectrophotometric quantitative analysis. The root was used as plant material and the botanical identification was performed by macro and microscopic analysis. The plant material was used to validate the spectrophotometric procedures at 490 nm for the quantification of the reaction product from drug polysaccharides and phenol-sulfuric acid solution. The analytical procedure was evaluated in order to comply with the necessary legal requirements by the determination of the following parameters: specificity, linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy and robustness. This study provides with a simple and valid analytical procedure (linear, precise, accurate and reproducible), which can be satisfactorily used for quality control and standardization of herbal drug from O. macrocarpa.

The Kraken: when myth encounters science / O Kraken: quando mito e ciência se encontram

Hundreds of years ago, sailors were terrified by the Kraken, a dreadful sea monster capable of sinking ships and with a taste for human flesh. Today we know the legends of this monster were based on sightings of giant squids. This animal belongs to the genus Architeuthis and was the subject of many scientific studies. Despite its enormous size (up to 18m), the giant squid is astoundingly elusive and much of its biology remains unknown. Thus shrouded in mystery, Architeuthis is almost a mythological creature and has a place both in science and in myth: the very last of the legends to persist to this day.

Séculos atrás, marinheiros se amedrontavam com histórias do Kraken, um terrível monstro marinho capaz de afundar embarcações e devorar suas tripulações. Atualmente, sabemos que a lenda desse monstro foi baseada em encontros com lulas-gigantes. Esse animal pertence ao gênero Architeuthis e foi alvo de muitos estudos científicos. Apesar de seu enorme tamanho (pode chegar a 18m), a lula-gigante é incrivelmente elusiva e muito de sua biologia permanece desconhecida. Assim, envolto em mistério, Architeuthis é quase um ser mitológico, ocupando um lugar tanto na ciência como no mito: a última das lendas a persistir nos dias de hoje.

The influence of ripening period length and season on the microbiological parameters of a traditional Brazilian cheese

The ripening process of Serro Minas cheese, one of the most popular cheeses produced with raw milk in Brazil, was studied over the course of 60 days of ripening during dry and rainy seasons. Brazilian legislation prohibits the production of cheese from raw milk unless it was submitted to a maturation period greater than 60 days. However Minas Serro cheese is sold within a few days of ripening. A total of 100 samples of Serro cheese were obtained from five farms; 50 samples were collected during the dry season (winter in Brazil) and 50 samples were collected during the rainy season (summer in Brazil). From each farm, ten cheeses were collected during each season after two days of ripening. Our results showed high levels of total and fecal coliforms at the beginning of the ripening period (approximately 4 Log MPN/g with 3 days of ripening) that decreased with 60 days of ripening reaching almost 1.5 Log MPN/g. Contamination by coagulase-positive staphylococci was reduced by the end of the ripening period. Salmonella spp. was not detected. The staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C were detected in 1% and 4% of the cheeses, respectively, after 30 days of ripening. These results suggest that the ripening process was not effective in eliminating staphylococcal enterotoxins from the cheese. However, none of the investigated strains of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from Serro cheese produced enterotoxins A, B, C or D. The high pathogen and coliform levels at the beginning of the ripening process for the cheese produced during both seasons indicate the need for improvement of the sanitation of the manufacturing conditions.

Efeito de um protocolo de treinamento concorrente sobre fatores de risco para o acúmulo de gordura hepática de adolescentes obesos / Effect of a concurrent training on risk factors for the accumulation of hepatic fat of obese adolescents

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um protocolo de treinamento concorrente com duração de 16 semanas sobre fatores de risco para o acúmulo de gordura hepática de jovens obesos. Metodologia: A amostra foi formada por 38 indivíduos obesos de ambos os sexos e com idade entre 12 e 15 anos. A obesidade foi atestada pelo percentual de gordura corporal, o qual foi estimado pela absortometria radiológica de dupla energia (DEXA). Adicionalmente, a quantidade de gordura localizada no tronco (kg) foi estimada também. Antes e após a intervenção, os jovens foram submetidos a exames bioquímicos de sangue(perfil lipídico completo em jejum [mg/dL]) e a ultrassonografia do fígado (tamanho dos lobos direito [LDem cm] e esquerdo [LE em cm]). A Intervenção consistiu de treinamento concorrente (treino resistido [30 minutos] e aeróbio [30 minutos]) com três sessões semanais, totalizando 180 minutos por semana. A análise estatística foi composta pelo teste t de Student para dados pareados, utilizando o software SPSS (17.0), e significância estatística fixada em p<5%. Resultados: Após a intervenção, foram observadas melhoras significantes no percentual de gordura total (PRÉ: 45,1±5,3 e PÓS: 41,7±5,6; p= 0,001) ena região do tronco (PRÉ: 46,5±5,6 e PÓS: 42,9±6,3; p= 0,001). Para o perfil lipídico, houve redução no colesterol total (PRÉ: 164±34 e PÓS: 148±29; p= 0,001), triglicérides (PRÉ: 118±59 e PÓS: 104±53; p=0,002) e lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (PRÉ: 100±29 e PÓS: 85±26; p= 0,001), porém, não para as de alta densidade (p= 0,981). Tanto o LE (PRÉ: 8,8±1,4 e PÓS: 7,8±1,3; p= 0,001) como o LD (PRÉ:13,6±1,3 e PÓS: 12,9±1,1; p= 0,001) sofreram diminuição em suas proporções. Conclusão: Em jovens obesos, o treinamento concorrente foi eficiente no combate a alguns fatores de risco ao acúmulo de gordura no fígado, bem como, na redução da gordura em ambos os lobos do órgão.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a protocol of concurrent training lasting 16 weeks on risk factors for the accumulation of hepatic fat in obese youth. Methods: 38 obese children and adolescents of both sexes, between 12 and 15 years old. The obesity was attested by the percentage of body fat, which was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Additionally, the amount of fat located in the trunk (kg) was estimated too. Before and after the intervention, the youths underwent biochemical blood tests (fasting complete lipid profile [mg / dL]) and ultrasonography of the liver (right size Wolves [LD cm] and left [LE in cm]). The intervention consisted of concurrent training (strength training [30 minutes] and endurance training [30 minutes]) with three sessions per week, totaling 180 minutes a week, for ten weeks. Statistical analysis was made by the test t of Student for paired data using SPSS software (17.0) and significance statistical fixed at p <5%. Results: After the intervention, significant improvements were observed in the percentage of total fat (PRE: 45.1 ± 5.3 and POST: 41.7 ± 5.6, p = 0.001) and in the trunk region (PRE: 46, 5 ± 5.6 and POST: 42.9 ± 6.3, p = 0.001). For lipid profile, reduction in total cholesterol (PRE: 164 ± 34 and POST: 148 ± 29, p = 0.001), triglycerides (PRE: 118 ± 59 and POST: 104 ± 53, p =0.002) and lipoproteins density (PRE: 100 ± 29 and POST: 85 ± 26, p = 0.001), but not for high-density (p= 0.981). Both the LE (PRE: 8.8 ± 1.4 and POST: 7.8 ± 1.3, p = 0.001) and LD (PRE: 13.6 ± 1.3 and POST:12.9 ± 1, 1, p = 0.001) experienced a decrease in its proportions. Conclusion: The concurrent training was effective in combating some risk factors to the accumulation of fat in the liver, as well as in reducingfat in both lobes of the organ in young obese.

Desarrollo natural del proceso aterosclerótico en arterias coronarias de niños fallecidos por muerte violenta. Patomorfometría / Natural development of the atherosclerotic process in coronary arteries of children dying a violent death. Pathomorphometry

En Cuba se han realizado disímiles estudios sobre la aterosclerosis, enfermedad esta muy antigua, que es causante de una gran morbilidad y mortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponernos describir el desarrollo del proceso aterosclerótico en edades tempranas de la vida (niños), para lo cual se estudiaron las arterias coronarias epicárdicas principales en 13 autopsias de niños fallecidos por muerte violenta, provenientes del Instituto de Medicina Legal, a las cuales se les aplicó el sistema aterométrico. En las diferentes edades se evidenció el desarrollo del proceso aterosclerótico, donde predominó la presencia de las estrías adiposas, aunque también se encontraron placas fibrosas. Se concluye que el proceso aterosclerótico comienza desde etapas muy tempranas de la vida, que se va intensificando con el paso de los años, y que la arteria coronaria más afectada de las estudiadas resultó ser la descendente anterior

Atherosclerosis has been the object of many studies in Cuba. This ancient disease is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. The purpose of this paper is to describe the atherosclerotic process in early ages (children). To achieve this end, a study based on the atherometric system was conducted of the main epicardial coronary arteries in 13 autopsies of children who had died a violent death, obtained from the Institute of Legal Medicine. The atherosclerotic process was observed at the various ages, with a predominance of adipose striae, though fibrous plates were also found. It is concluded that the atherosclerotic process starts at very early life stages and intensifies with the passing of time. The most affected coronary artery among those studied was the anterior descending coronary artery