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Resumo: Introdução: As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos cursos de graduação em Medicina preconizam a ênfase na habilidade de comunicação para o profissionalismo do egresso. Promover o desenvolvimento da habilidade de comunicação efetiva para a competência clínica representa um desafio para a educação médica. O presente estudo objetivou contribuir para o desenvolvimento da habilidade de comunicação durante a formação médica por meio de estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem que utilizou como ferramenta o aconselhamento pré-teste HIV no pré-natal. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo com métodos mistos sequenciais e abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em três fases. Na primeira fase, 30 estudantes do internato em Tocoginecologia participaram de consulta simulada, gravada em áudio e vídeo, direcionada para conhecimentos específicos e habilidades para comunicação efetiva no tema. Na segunda fase, uma estratégia de feedback individual contou com a análise conjunta do vídeo e avaliação de critérios estabelecidos em checklist específico. Na terceira fase, buscou-se avaliar a autopercepção dos estudantes acerca de sua participação na estratégia e de sua necessidade de desenvolvimento da habilidade de comunicação durante a formação. Resultados: A análise geral dos dados revela um baixo desempenho, sobretudo quanto aos conhecimentos específicos necessários à comunicação efetiva para o aconselhamento pré-teste HIV no pré-natal. Conclusões: Nesse sentido, a autopercepção dos estudantes mostrou-se coerente com os resultados observados e apontou a necessidade de melhorar os conhecimentos específicos aliados às habilidades de comunicação para, então, possibilitar um aconselhamento adequado. Além disso, nos discursos dos estudantes, são frequentes falas reflexivas a respeito da importância de praticar e desenvolver a habilidade de comunicação.
Abstract: Introduction: The Brazilian National Curriculum Guidelines for medical undergraduate courses underscore the emphasis on communication skills for recently graduated professionals. Promoting the development of effective communication skills for clinical competence poses a challenge for medical education. The present study aims to contribute to the development of communication skills during medical education through a teaching and learning strategy that uses prenatal HIV pretest counseling as a tool. Methods: This is a study with sequential mixed methods and qualitative approach developed in three phases. In the first phase, thirty students from the Tocho-Gynecology Internship participated in a simulated consultation, which was recorded in audio and video, directed to specific knowledge and skills for effective communication in the topic. In the second phase, an individual feedback strategy included the joint analysis of the video and the evaluation of established criteria in a specific checklist. In the third phase, the objective was to evaluate the students' self-perception about their participation in the strategy and their need to develop communication skills during medical training. Results: The general analysis of the data reveals a poor performance, especially regarding the specific knowledge required for effective communication for prenatal HIV pretest counseling. Conclusion: Therefore, the students' self-perception was consistent with the observed results and indicated the need to improve specific knowledge combined with communication skills, so as to allow appropriate counseling. Moreover, the students' discourses frequently disclose reflective comments about the importance of practicing and developing communication skills.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the histological changes of tracheal cartilage and epithelium caused by tracheal occlusion at different gestational ages in a fetal rat model. METHODS: Rat fetuses were divided into two groups: a) External control, composed of non-operated rats, and b) Interventional group, composed of rats operated upon on gestational day 18.5 (term = 22 days), divided into triads: 1) Tracheal occlusion, 2) Internal control and 3) Sham (manipulated but not operated). Morphological data for body weight, total lung weight and total lung weight/body weight ratio were collected and measured on gestational days 19.5, 20.5 and 21.5. Tracheal samples were histologically processed, and epithelial, chondral and total tracheal thicknesses were measured on each gestational day. RESULTS: The tracheal occlusion group exhibited an increase in total lung weight/body weight ratio (p<0.001). Histologically, this group had a thicker epithelial thickness (p<0.05) and thinner chondral (p<0.05) and total tracheal thicknesses (p<0.001). These differences were more prominent on gestational days 20.5 and 21.5. CONCLUSION: Tracheal occlusion changed tracheal morphology, increased epithelial thickness and considerably decreased total tracheal thickness. These changes in the tracheal wall could explain the development of tracheomegaly, recently reported in some human fetuses subjected to tracheal occlusion.