RESUMO
Background: Cervical carcinoma is an important women’s health problem worldwide. The Bethesda system is a complete diagnostic system that recognizes the cytopathology report as a medical consultation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the abnormal cytological entities detected by cervical Pap smear, to classify the cytological findings according to the recently recommended Bethesda system and to discuss the significance of Pap smears screening programs. Methods: A prospective study on conventional cervical cytology was performed including 340 women, 111 postmenopausal and 229 reproductive age group, attending the Gynaecologic out-patient department at a tertiary care hospital in Bhavnagar district of Gujarat state. Cytological findings including incidence of unsatisfactory smears, inflammatory smears and epithelial abnormalities were classified according to the Bethesda system 2001. Results: Overall incidence of unsatisfactory smears was 9.4%, of squamous cell abnormality was 4.1% and of glandular cell abnormality was 1.2%. Highest frequency of epithelial cell abnormalities (squamous as well as glandular) was seen in 61-70 years age-group women (35.71%) and in women presented with complaints of post-menopausal bleeding (22.5%). Conclusions: The study had shown a relatively low prevalence of epithelial abnormalities in cervical smears. The 2001 Bethesda system seems to reduce the number of cervical smear diagnoses of Atypical Squamous Cells (ASC), without causing any impairment in the diagnosis of High grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) thus decreasing the number of unnecessary interventions.
RESUMO
Abstract : Present study was carried out to evaluate hepatotoxicity of nimesulide by single dose and seven days administration in sub therapeutic, therapeutic and supra therapeutic doses in litters of rat. Single dose and seven days administration hepatotoxicity studies of nimesulide were carried out in litters of rat of either sex. They were further subdivided into sub therapeutic (20 mg/kg), therapeutic (30 mg/kg) and supra therapeutic (100 mg/kg) groups. Effect of nimesulide on liver functions were analysed by serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and histopathological examination of liver through scoring system. Histopathological changes in liver were observed in therapeutic and supra therapeutic doses in single dose groups and sub therapeutic, therapeutic and supra therapeutic doses in seven days groups. In single dose of nimesulide in litters, there were significant increases in biochemical parameters (p< 0.05) in supratherapeutic doses. However, in seven days studies of nimesulide in litters, there were significant increases in biochemical parameters (p< 0.05) in therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses. The present study indicates that nimesulide causes significant hepatotoxicity in litters of rat.
RESUMO
A rare lesion, haemangioma of the cervix was found in a sixty-year-old female patient with prolapse of uterus. The patient had no complaints regarding the lesion and the haemangioma was detected incidentally during routine histopathological examination of the organ removed by surgery. Few cases of cervical hemangioma have been reported so far. Most of these are of the cavernous type morphologically, whereas the case reported here is a capillary hemangioma.