Investigation of risk factors related to the development of hepatic dysfunction in patients with a low and moderate cardiac risk during open-heart surgeries

Abstract Objective: To determine the possible risk factors associated with hepatic dysfunction during open-heart surgeries. Methods: After excluding 71 patients, 307 patients with possible low and moderate cardiac risk who underwent either coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) (n=176) or valve repair surgery (mitral valve, mitral and aortic valves and/or tricuspid valve) (n=131) were investigated prospectively during a 6-month period. Hyperbilirubinemia is defined as an occurrence of a plasma total bilirubin concentration >34 µmol/L (2 mg/dL) in any measurement during the postoperative period; the patients were divided into groups with or without postoperative hyperbilirubinemia. The collected parameters were: alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBil), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and albumin. The parameters were collected preoperatively and postoperatively on days 1, 3 and 7. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for postoperative hyperbilirubinemia. Results: Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia was observed in 7 of 176 patients (4%) who underwent CABG, and in 11 of 131 patients (8.4%) who underwent valve replacement surgeries. Independent risk factors for early postoperative hyperbilirubinemia were found as: ejection fraction (EF), aortic cross-clamp (ACC) time, intensive care unit stay and extubation time (P<0.001). In comparison to CABG procedures, postoperative hyperbilirubinemia was observed more frequently in patients undergoing valve surgeries (P=0.027). Conclusion: Low EF and prolonged ACC time are significant independent risk factors for early postoperative hyperbilirubinemia during open-heart surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass. Valve surgeries show a higher incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in comparison to CABG.

The predictive value of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels on outcome in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing congenital heart surgery / O valor preditivo do peptídeo natriurético tipo-B em resultados de crianças com hipertensão pulmonar submetidas à cirurgia cardíaca congênita / El valor predictivo del plasma en niveles de péptido natriurético tipo B, y los resultados en niños con hipertensión pulmonar en proceso de cirugía de cardiopatía congénita

Background and objectives: In children undergoing congenital heart surgery, plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels may have a role in development of low cardiac output syndrome that is defined as a combination of clinical findings and interventions to augment cardiac output in children with pulmonary hypertension. Methods: In a prospective observational study, fifty-one children undergoing congenital heart surgery with preoperative echocardiographic study showing pulmonary hypertension were enrolled. The plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels were collected before operation, 12, 24 and 48 h after operation. The patients enrolled into the study were divided into two groups depending on: (1) Development of LCOS which is defined as a combination of clinical findings or interventions to augment cardiac output postoperatively; (2) Determination of preoperative brain natriuretic peptide cut-off value by receiver operating curve analysis for low cardiac output syndrome. The secondary end points were: (1) duration of mechanical ventilation ≥72 h, (2) intensive care unit stay >7days, and (3) mortality. Results: The differences in preoperative and postoperative brain natriuretic peptide levels of patients with or without low cardiac output syndrome (n = 35, n = 16, respectively) showed significant differences in repeated measurement time points (p = 0.0001). The preoperative brain natriuretic peptide cut-off value of 125.5 pg mL−1 was found to have the highest sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 96.9% in predicting low cardiac output syndrome in patients with pulmonary hypertension. A good correlation was found between preoperative plasma brain natriuretic peptide level and duration of mechanical ventilation (r = 0.67, p = 0.0001). Conclusions: In patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing congenital heart surgery, 91% of patients with preoperative plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels above 125.5 pg mL−1 ...

Justificativa e objetivo: Em crianças submetidas à cirurgia cardíaca congênita, os níveis plasmáticos de peptídeo natriurético cerebral (PNC) podem ter um papel no desenvolvimento da síndrome de baixo débito cardíaco (SBDC), definida como uma combinação de achados clínicos e intervenções para aumentar o débito cardíaco em crianças com hipertensão pulmonar. Métodos: Em um estudo prospectivo observacional, foram inscritas 51 crianças submetidas à cirurgia cardíaca congênita, com avaliação ecocardiográfica pré-operatória que mostrava hipertensão pulmonar. Os níveis plasmáticos de PNC foram avaliados antes e 12, 24 e 48 h após a operação. Os pacientes incluídos no estudo foram divididos em dois grupos em função de: (1) desenvolvimento de SBDC; (2) determinação dos valores de corte de PNC no pré-operatório pela análise da curva de funcionamento do receptor para SBDC. Os desfechos secundários foram: (1) duração da ventilação mecânica ≥ 72 h, (2) permanência em unidade de terapia intensiva > 7 dias e (3) mortalidade. Resultados: Os níveis de PNC nos períodos pré- e pós-operatório dos pacientes com ou sem SBDC (n = 35, n = 16, respectivamente) apresentaram diferenças significantes nos tempos de mensuração repetidos (p = 0,0001). O valor de corte de PNC de 125,5 pg mL−1 no pré-operatório obteve a maior sensibilidade de 88,9% e especificidade de 96,9% para prever a SBDC em pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar. Uma boa correlação foi descoberta entre o nível plasmático de PNC no pré-operatório e duração a ventilação mecânica (r = 0,67, p = 0,0001). Conclusões: Em ...

Justificación y objetivo: En niños sometidos a cirugía de cardiopatía congénita, los niveles plasmáticos de péptido natriurético cerebral pueden tener un papel en el desarrollo del síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco, definido como una combinación de hallazgos clínicos e intervenciones para aumentar el gasto cardíaco en niños con hipertensión pulmonar. Métodos: En un estudio prospectivo observacional, se inscribieron 51 niños sometidos a cirugía de cardiopatía congénita, y cuya evaluación ecocardiográfica preoperatoria mostró hipertensión pulmonar. Los niveles plasmáticos de péptido natriurético cerebral fueron evaluados antes de la operación, y 12, 24 y 48 h después de la operación. Los pacientes incluidos en el estudio fueron divididos en 2 grupos en función de: (1) desarrollo de síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco, definido como una combinación de hallazgos clínicos o de intervenciones para aumentar el gasto cardíaco en el postoperatorio; (2) determinación de los valores de corte de péptido natriurético cerebral en el preoperatorio por el análisis de la curva de funcionamiento del receptor para el síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco. Los resultados secundarios fueron: (1) duración de la ventilación mecánica ≥ 72 h, (2) permanencia en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) > 7 días, y (3) mortalidad. Resultados: Los niveles de péptido natriurético cerebral en los períodos pre y postoperatorio de los pacientes con o sin síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco (n = 35 y n = 16, respectivamente) tuvieron diferencias significativas en los tiempos de medida repetidos (p = 0,0001). El valor de corte de péptido natriurético cerebral de 125,5 pg/mL−1 en el preoperatorio obtuvo la mayor ...

The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass in coronary artery bypass surgeries (on-pump versus off-pump) on erectile function and endothelium-derived nitric oxide levels

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on the erectile function and endothelium-derived nitric oxide (eNO) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive patients were randomized into two groups depending on use of cardiopulmonary bypass in CABG surgery. The erectile function was evaluated by using the IIEF-5 questionnaire. The plasma eNO levels were determined at baseline and after reactive hyperemia before and after surgery. Blood was collected in one minute after cuff deflation from the radial artery on the same side. RESULTS: After CABG surgery the mean IIEF-5 score increased insignificantly over baseline from 14.8 to 15.8 (p = 0.29) and 12.4 to 14.3 (p = 0.11) after on-pump and off-pump CABG surgeries, respectively. The baseline plasma NO levels before surgery were 18.16 ± 7.63 nmol/L in on-pump and 21.76 ± 11.08 nmol/L in off-pump CABG. After reactive hyperemia the plasma NO levels were 22.14 ± 10.52 nmol/L in on-pump and 21.49 ± 9.13 nmol/L in off-pump CABG before the surgery. The difference in the plasma NO levels before surgery was not significant (p = 0.51). Two hours after surgery, the difference of the plasma NO levels at baseline (24.44 ± 12.31on-pump and 20.58 ± 6.74 nmol/L off-pump CABG) and after reactive hyperemia (35.55 ± 23.54 nmol/L on-pump and 23.00 ± 15.40 nmol/L off-pump CABG) were not significantly different from each other (p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who had on-pump or off-pump CABG surgeries had higher IIEF-5 scores. Nevertheless, the improvement was insignificant in both groups. Meanwhile, on-pump or off-pump CABG surgeries did not have significant effect on plasma eNO levels.