Historia familiar y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes / Family history and alcohol consumption in adolescents

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la historia familiar del consumo de alcohol y el consumo de alcohol de los adolescentes. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo correlacional en 191 adolescentes de una institución pública de educación básica de Ciudad del Carmen Campeche, para lo cual se utilizó el Inventario de Historia Familiar de Consumo de Alcohol. Resultados: El 57.6% de los adolescente manifestó que alguna de las personas con las que vive consume bebidas alcohólicas; el padre es el principal consumidor con un 24.6%, seguido de ambos padres (13.1%), y llegan a consumir hasta 12.6 bebidas alcohólicas por ocasión de consumo. Los resultados muestran una relación positiva y significativa entre los antecedentes familiares y el número de bebidas alcohólicas consumidas en un día típico por los adolescentes (rs = 0.329, p = 0.001). Conclusiones: La familia juega un papel primordial en la adquisición de conductas de los adolescentes, dado que la adolescencia representa una etapa de vulnerabilidad en la que se definen aspectos biopsicosociales de la edad adulta. De ahí la importancia de fomentar estilos de vida saludables dentro del núcleo familiar que repercutirán en la salud integral de los adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the relationship between family history of alcohol and alcohol consumption among adolescents. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive correlational study in 191 adolescents from a public institution of basic education Ciudad of Carmen Campeche; Inventory Family History Alcohol was used. Results: The 57.6% of adolescents said that some of the people living with them consume alcoholic beverages, the father being the main consuming with 24.6%, followed by both parents (13.1%); reaching up to 12.6 consume alcoholic drinks per drinking occasion. The results show a positive and significant relationship between family history and the number of alcoholic drinks consumed on a typical day by teens (rs = 0.329, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The family plays a major role in the acquisition of behaviors of adolescents, as adolescence is a vulnerable period where biopsychosocial aspects of adulthood are defined, hence the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles within the family that will affect the overall health of adolescents.

Use of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices as biological control agent of the nematode Nacobbus aberrans parasitizing tomato

The plant-parasitic nematode Nacobbus aberrans is an endoparasite that induces gall formation in the roots and causes severe losses to diverse crops. Some populations of this nematode show preference for certain hosts, revealing the existence of "races/groups" with different behaviour and making nematode management difficult. A possible biological control alternative to reduce the damage caused by this species may be the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In the present work, the effect of Glomus intraradices on tomato plants inoculated with the nematode at transplanting and three weeks later was tested. At 60 days, the following parameters were estimated: percentage of AMF colonization, root and aerial dry weight, number of galls and egg masses, and reproduction factor (RF=final population/initial population) of N. aberrans. AMF colonization was higher in the presence of the nematode. The use of AMF favoured tomato biomass and reduced the number of galls and RF on the plants inoculated with the nematode at transplanting.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline soils: vertical distribution at different soil depth

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize land plants in every ecosystem, even extreme conditions such as saline soils. In the present work we report for the first time the mycorrhizal status and the vertical fungal distribution of AMF spores present in the rhizospheric soil samples of four species of Chenopodiaceae (Allenrolfea patagonica, Atriplex argentina, Heterostachys ritteriana and Suaeda divaricata) at five different depths in two saline of central Argentina. Roots showed medium, low or no colonization (0-50%). Nineteen morphologically distinctive AMF species were recovered. The number of AMF spores ranged between 3 and 1162 per 100 g dry soil, and AMF spore number decreased as depth increased at both sites. The highest spore number was recorded in the upper soil depth (0-10 cm) and in S. divaricata. Depending of the host plant, some AMF species sporulated mainly in the deep soil layers (Glomus magnicaule in Allenrolfea patagonica, Septoglomus aff. constrictum in Atriplex argentina), others mainly in the top layers (G. brohultti in Atriplex argentina and Septoglomus aff. constrictum in Allenrolfea patagonica). Although the low percentages of colonization or lack of it, our results show a moderate diversity of AMF associated to the species of Chenopodiaceae investigated in this study. The taxonomical diversity reveals that AMF are adapted to extreme environmental conditions from saline soils of central Argentina.