Valores de referencia y factores de riesgo de la condición física en personas mayores chilenas físicamente activas / Reference values and risk factors in the deterioration of the physical fitness of physically active older chilean adults

BACKGROUND: Physical fitness assessment of older adults is essential because it is a key component of functional independence and healthy aging. AIM: To establish physical fitness reference values for physically active older Chilean adults of both sexes and identify the variables associated with the deterioration of their physical condition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included 342 older adults aged 60 and over. Their physical fitness was assessed with the Senior Fitness Test (SFT). The timed up and go (TUG), chair stand (CS), arm curl (AC), and aerobic resistance (2 min) tests were evaluated. RESULTS: Performance in the physical fitness tests by age group decreased in all tests as older adults advanced in age. Scores for men were more evenly distributed across the different age groups. The main risk factors for the deterioration of physical fitness were age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) (p-value < 0.05). The primary risk factor for men was age and for women age and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Performance of both men and women in the different SFT tests decreased as older adults aged. Age, sex, and BMI were the main risk factors for the deterioration of the physical fitness of physically active older adults.

Estilos parentales, sobrepeso y obesidad infantil: Estudio transversal en población infantil chilena

RESUMEN El propósito de este estudio fue validar tanto la Escala de Estilos Educativos Parentales como evaluar la posible asociación entre los estilos parentales y factores sociodemográficos con el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en escolares adscritos a establecimientos educativos municipales. La muestra estuvo formada por 217 niños/as escolarizados/as entre 4 y 7 años en establecimientos educativos de la ciudad de Chillán, Chile y sus adultos responsables (madre, padre o cuidador). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la escala de Estilos Parentales (EP) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. La escala de EP fue validada, y sus constructos fueron utilizados en un modelo lineal para determinar la relación entre el estilo parental con el Z-score del niño/a, y un modelo logístico para determinar la relación entre un estilo parental y la probabilidad de pasar de un estado nutricional normal a uno con sobrepeso. Se encontró que un estilo parental afectivo se asocia con el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil. De las variables sociodemográficas evaluadas, solo el nivel educativo básico de los padres se asocia con sobrepeso y obesidad en el/la niño/a. Se discuten las implicaciones para la intervención profesional con familias.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to validate the Parental Style Scale and to assess a possible association between parenting styles and sociodemographic factors with childhood overweight and obesity in students of municipal educational establishments. The sample was composed of 217 children between 4 and 7 years old in schools in Chillán, Chile, and their caregivers. The instruments included the Parental Style Scale and a demographic questionnaire. The Parental Style Scale was validated and constructs used in a linear model to determine the relationship between the parental style and child BMI z-score. A logistic model was used to determine the relationship between parenting style and the probability of going from a normal nutritional state to one with overweight. It was found that high levels of parental affection were associated with overweight and obesity in children. From the sociodemographic variables evaluated, only the primary education level of parents was associated with overweight and obesity in the child. The implications for professional intervention with families are discussed.

Escala de Calidad de Vida Familiar: validación y análisis en población chilena / Family Quality of Life Scale (FQLS): validation and analysis in a Chilean population

Resumen El propósito de este estudio es presentar la validación de la Escala de Calidad de Vida Familiar en población chilena y analizar las dimensiones de este instrumento a través del mapa de área crítica. Se utilizó un estudio transversal, correlacional y causal en 316 familias. Se aplicó la versión española de la Escala de Calidad de Vida Familiar. Se condujo un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Los resultados indicaron que el alpha de Cronbach para la categoría de Importancia fue de 0.884 y para Satisfacción fue de 0.891. El análisis factorial exploratorio encontró cinco dimensiones para ambas categorías, y el análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró cargas mayores a 0.5 para cada dimensión. Respecto a la validez discriminante, las cargas cruzadas se movieron entre 0.64 a 0.97 para Importancia y 0.62 a 0.98 para Satisfacción. En cuanto a la validez convergente, cada dimensión alcanzó una varianza extraída sobre 0.5. Las conclusiones del estudio indican que el instrumento resultó ser confiable y válido para medir aspectos de la calidad de vida familiar en población chilena. Posee altos niveles de consisten­cia interna y una adecuada validez discriminante y convergente.

Abstract The aim of this research is to validate the Family Quality of Life Scale (FQLS) in a Chilean population and to analyze the factor structure (scope) of this research tool through the critical area map. Cross-sectional, correlational, and causal study was carry on 316 families. The Spanish version of the FQSL was used. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Results showed Cronbach´s alpha for the FQLS subscales on Importance rate was 0.884 and on Satisfaction 0.891. The exploratory factor analysis found five dimensions for both categories, and the confirmatory factor analysis showed factor loadings greater than 0.5 for each dimension. Regarding discriminant validity, the cross-loadings varied between 0.64 to 0.97 on Importance and 0.62 to 0.98 on Satisfaction. In relation to convergent validity, each dimension reached a variance above 0.5. Conclusions of the study proved a reliable and valid tool to measure features of family quality of life in a Chilean population. The instrument has high levels of internal consistency and suitable discriminant and convergent validity.