Oxidative stress in the bladder of men with LUTS undergoing open prostatectomy: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the link between preoperative parameters and oxidative stress (OS) markers in the bladder wall of men undergoing open prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: From July 2014 to August 2016, men aged ≥ 50 years and presenting with LUTS were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative assessment included validated questionnaires (IPSS and OAB - V8), lower urinary tract ultrasound and urodynamics. Bladder biopsies were taken during open prostatectomy for determination of OS markers. Increased OS was defined by increased concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and / or decreased concentration of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and / or catalase). P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: Thirty - eight consecutive patients were included. Mean age was 66.36 ± 6.44 years, mean prostate volume was 77.7 ± 20.63 cm3, and mean IPSS was 11.05 ± 8.72 points. MDA concentration was increased in men with severe bladder outlet obstruction (BOO grade V - VI according to the Schaefer's nomogram) in comparison with BOO grade III - IV (p = 0.022). Patients with severe LUTS also had higher MDA concentration when compared to those with mild LUTS (p = 0.031). There was a statistically significant association between increased post - void residual urine (cut off ≥ 50 mL) and not only higher levels of MDA, but also reduced activity of SOD and catalase (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This pilot study showed that severity of LUTS and BOO were associated with increased MDA concentration in the bladder wall of men undergoing open prostatectomy. Further studies are still needed to assess the role of non - invasive biomarkers of OS in predicting bladder dysfunction in men with LUTS.

Trauma de Cólon: experiência de um centro de referência em Porto Alegre/RS / Colon trauma: the experience of a reference center in Porto Alegre/RS

Introdução: As lesões de cólon são comuns em pacientes vítimas de trauma. Seu tratamento é bastante variável e muito discutido. Objetivo: Analisar a experiência com trauma de cólon de um centro de referência em trauma por aproximadamente 4 anos, avaliando o perfil dos pacientes, mecanismo de trauma, lesões, evolução e desfecho. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo em que foram incluídos todos os pacientes com trauma de cólon no período de setembro de 2009 a dezembro de 2013. Resultados: Foram identificadas 101 vítimas com trauma de cólon, sendo 92 casos (91%) devido a trauma penetrante. Os ferimentos abdominais foram preponderantes (85,1%), seguidos por ferimentos em dorso em 15,8% e em transição toracoabdominal em 9,9%. Apenas 6,9% apresentavam-se com PAS < 90 mmHg e 23,8% com FC > 100 bpm na admissão. Noventa e nove por cento dos pacientes foram levados ao bloco cirúrgico para laparotomia exploradora imediatamente após o atendimento na sala de emergência. Setenta e três (72,3%) apresentaram lesões de outros órgãos abdominais associadas, a mais comum foi de intestino delgado (49,5%). A mortalidade da série foi de 1%, e as complicações mais frequentes foram a pneumonia em 16,8%, a infecção de ferida operatória em 11,9% e a infecção urinária em 7,9%. Conclusões: O diagnóstico e tratamento precoce das lesões de cólon são fundamentais para uma boa evolução e para prevenção das complicações, principalmente infecciosas, que são responsáveis pela morbidade e mortalidade nesses pacientes. Os dados apresentados estão de acordo com os encontrados na literatura atual(AU)

Background: Colon lesions are common in trauma patients. Their treatment is very variable and much discussed. Objective: To analyze the experience with colon trauma of a reference center for trauma for about 4 years, evaluating patient profile, mechanism of trauma, injury, evolution and outcome. Methods: A retrospective study which included all patients with colon trauma from September 2009 to December 2013. Results: A series of 101 victims with colon trauma were identified, of which 92 cases (91%) were due to penetrating trauma. Abdominal injuries were prevalent (85.1%), followed by back (15.8%) and thoracoabdominal transition (9.9%) injuries. Only 6.9% presented with SBP 100 bpm at admission. Ninety-nine percent of patients were taken to the operating room for exploratory laparotomy immediately after evaluation in the emergency room. Seventythree (72.3%) had associated injuries to other abdominal organs, the most common being small intestine (49.5%). The mortality in this series was 1%, and the most frequent complications were pneumonia in 16.8%, wound infection in 11.9%, and urinary infection in 7.9%. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment of colon lesions are critical for a good outcome and prevention of complications, mainly infectious diseases, which are responsible for morbidity and mortality in these patients. The data presented are consistent with the current literature(AU)

Cardiopatias congênitas em um serviço de referência: evolução clínica e doenças associadas / Congenital heart diseases in a reference service: clinical evolution and associated illnesses

FUNDAMENTO: Inúmeros fatores vêm contribuindo para a mudança do perfil do paciente com cardiopatia congênita (CC), incluindo o diagnóstico pré-natal e a disponibilidade de novos procedimentos terapêuticos. O conhecimento dessas mudanças é fundamental para um melhor atendimento. OBJETIVOS: Descrever o perfil dos pacientes com CC de um serviço de referência no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 684 pacientes portadores de CC, em um serviço de cardiologia pediátrica, de janeiro de 2007 a maio de 2008. Esses pacientes foram entrevistados (e/ou seus pais) e examinados (malformações congênitas, medidas antropométricas), além de terem seus prontuários revisados para mais detalhes sobre as cardiopatias, procedimentos e ecocardiografia. RESULTADOS: A idade dos pacientes variou de 16 dias a 66 anos, sendo 51,8 por cento do sexo feminino, com 93,7 por cento de brancos. A idade média determinada pelo diagnóstico foi de 15,8 ± 46,8 meses. As CC mais prevalentes foram a comunicação interventricular, a persistência do canal arterial e a Tetralogia de Fallot. Dos pacientes analisados, 59,1 por cento, com idade média de 44,3 ± 71,2 meses, realizaram algum procedimento terapêutico; 30,4 por cento tinham malformações congênitas extracardíacas; e 12 pacientes tinham síndrome genética comprovada. Quanto ao desenvolvimento, 46,6 por cento tiveram atraso ponderoestatural e 13,7 por cento atraso neuropsicomotor. Além disso, 18,4 por cento apresentaram história familiar de cardiopatia congênita. CONCLUSÕES: O atraso neuropsicomotor e o baixo ganho ponderoestatural podem estar associados às CC. Estabelecer um perfil dos pacientes com CC atendidos em uma instituição de referência pode servir como base para o planejamento adequado do atendimento desta população.

BACKGROUND: Several factors, which include prenatal diagnosis and availability of new therapeutic procedures, have contributed to change the profile of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Knowing these changes is important to a better health care. OBJECTIVES: Description of profile of patients with CHD in a reference service in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study including 684 patients with CHD in a service of pediatric cardiology from January 2007 to May 2008. We interviewed the patients (and/or their parents) and examined these patients (congenital malformations, anthropometric measures). Moreover, their charts were reviewed in order to detail heart diseases, procedures and echocardiography. RESULTS: Patients were from 16 days to 66 years old, 51.8 percent were female, and 93.7 percent were Caucasian. The mean age at diagnosis was 15.8 ± 46.8 months. Ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and Tetralogy of Fallot were the most prevalent CHD. 59.1 percent of examined patients, whose average age was 44.3 ± 71.2 months, have been undergoing therapeutic procedures; 30.4 percent had congenital extracardiac malformations; and 12 patients had genetic syndrome. Regarding development, 46.6 percent had low weight and height gain, and 13.7 percent had neuropsychomotor delay. Furthermore, 18.4 percent had family history of congenital heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: Neuropsychomotor delay and low weight and height gain may be related to CHD. Establishing a profile of patients with CHD, who were treated at an institution of reference, may function as a basis in which health care of this population can be planed appropriately. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2010; 94(3):313-318)