Epidemiología de las intoxicaciones en Chile: una década de registros / Epidemiology of intoxications in Chile: ten years of registry

Background: The existence of Poison Centers for management and prevention of intoxications has been endorsed by the international experience. In Chile, the Toxicological Information Center at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile has been active since 1992, receiving about 130.000 calls until 2002. Aim: To analyze the statistical data gathered throughout the first ten years of our Research Center. To delineate the epidemiological pattern of intoxications in Chile. Material and methods: Retrospective study in which records from calls for toxicological information received during the 1992-2002 period reviewed. Analyzed data were total calls per year, place of call, exposure circumstances, age, sex, route of exposure and involved agents. Results: 96,468 calls analyzed. The main exposure circumstance was ½unintentional¼ (78.6 per cent), followed by ½intentional¼ (16.9 per cent). Intoxications in children under 5 years old motivated 50 per cent of calls. According to route of exposure, ingestions involved 75,992 calls (78.8 per cent). Medications were the most common substances, accounting for 49.2 per cent of calls, followed by cleaning products (12.1 percent), pesticides (11.3 per cent), industrial and chemical products (10.5 per cent) and cosmetics (2.7 per cent). Medications acting on the CNS were the most recurrent, with 19,096 reports. Conclusions: The epidemiological pattern for intoxications in Chile is very similar to that reported in developed and other Latin American countries. Children under 5 years old, are a high risk group for intoxications. It is imperative to improve the recording and follow-up of patients that call to the Center, to improve epidemiological data of intoxications in Chile.

Intoxicación por cloroquina / Chloroquine poisoning

Desde el punto de vista toxicológico, la cloroquina es probablemente, el mes peligroso agente antimicrobiano disponible en la actualidad. Utilizada como droga primaria en el tratamiento y profilaxis de la malaria, y como agente antirreumßtico e inmunosupresor, posee un estrecho margen terapeutico lo que la transforma en una droga de alto riesgo de intoxicaciones. Su uso se ha extendido dado el aumento de viajes a países endÚmicos para la malaria, aumentando el riesgo de sobredosis intencionales y no intencionales. Por ello es importante disponer de información actualizada del tratamiento de esta intoxicación.