Avaliações clínica e morfométrica da capacidade angiogênica da membrana de quitosana em córneas de coelhos / Clinical and morphometric evaluations of the angiogenic capacity of chitosan membrane in rabbit corneas

OBJETIVO: Estudar a vascularização corneal (VC) induzida pela membrana de quitosana (MQ) implantada por enxertia interlamelar na córnea de coelhos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 16 coelhos. No olho esquerdo procedeu-se enxertia interlamelar de um fragmento de 0,25 x 0,25 cm de MQ (olho tratado). No olho direito realizou-se apenas a microbolsa estromal (olho controle). Avaliaram-se clinicamente os animais aos 1, 3, 7, 15 e 30 dias de pós-operatório. Aos 30 dias mensurou-se a VC pelo Sistema Analisador de Imagens LEICA QWIN-550®. RESULTADOS: Aos sete dias observou-se VC a 1,5±0,93 mm do limbo em direção ao eixo visual. Aos 15 dias houve aumento da VC (4,75±3,20 mm), que se manteve aos 30 dias (4,25±4,10 mm). Os olhos controles não apresentaram quaisquer alterações oculares. Houve diferença estatística (p<0,05) entre as áreas corneais vascularizadas dos olhos tratados e controles aos 15 e 30 dias de pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: A MQ induziu angiogênese corneal quando aplicada à córnea de coelhos por enxertia interlamelar, a qual persistiu de forma leve até 30 dias de pós-operatório. Embora estudos adicionais sejam necessários a MQ poderá ser mais uma opção de membrana para enxertos em ceratoplastias.

PURPOSE: To evaluate corneal vascularization (CV) induced by interlamellar graft chitosan membrane (CM) in rabbit cornea. METHODS: An interlamellar graft with a 0.25 x 0.25 cm CM fragment was performed in the left eye (treated eye). In the right eye, an estromal tunnel was done (control eye). The clinical evaluation was done at 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days postoperatively. CV analysis was after 30 days by the Images Analizator System LEICA QWIN-550®. RESULTS: After 7 days, CV at 1.5±0.92 mm from the limbus in direction of the cornea axial area was observed. After 15 days CV increased (4.75±3.19 mm), remaining until day 30 (4.25±4.06 mm). The control eyes did not present any changes. There was a statistical differences of the vascularizated corneal areas between control and treated eyes from the 15th to the 30th postoperative day. CONCLUSION: The chitosan membrane induced corneal angiogenesis when applied to rabbit cornea through an interlamellar graft, which was maintained at low levels until 30 days postoperatively. Although further studies are necessary, the results found here demonstrated the usefulness of chitosan membrane in keratoplasties.

O sevofluorano em cadelas gestantes / The sevoflurane in pregnant bitches

Com este experimento, objetivou-se avaliar como a anestesia geral inalatória, com o sevofluorano, interfere nos parâmetros fisiológicos de cadelas gestantes. Nove cadelas sem raça definida, adultas, com idade média de três anos, foram submetidas ao mesmo procedimento anestésico em dois períodos distintos, sendo o primeiro na condição não gestante e o segundo aos 45 dias de gestação. Todas receberam acepromazina (0,05mg kg-1) pela via intravenosa como medicação pré-anestésica, propofol (5mg kg-1) pela mesma via e sevofluorano diluído em oxigênio. As variáveis estudadas foram freqüência cardíaca e respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, média e diastólica, temperatura retal, pressão parcial de CO2 ao final da expiração, saturação de oxigênio nas hemoglobinas, pH sangüíneo, pressão parcial arterial de oxigênio, pressão parcial arterial de CO2, bicarbonato e excesso de base. Os parâmetros foram avaliados antes da medicação pré-anestésica (M0) e 15 minutos após (M1), 15 minutos após a estabilização da anestesia inalatória (M2) e, depois, a cada 15 minutos durante 60 minutos (M3, M4, M5 e M6), com exceção das variáveis hemogasométricas que foram avaliadas em M0, M2 e M6. A análise estatística foi realizada com Análise de Variância e teste de Tukey, sendo considerado o nível de significância de 5 por cento. A freqüência cardíaca elevou-se na paciente gestante no momento basal e 15 minutos após a medicação pré-anestésica, sendo observado ainda diminuição da pressão arterial e da temperatura retal nas gestantes. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o protocolo anestésico não alterou as variáveis mensuradas neste experimento, podendo ser utilizado com segurança para as cadelas, se houver a necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica e/ou anestésica aos 45 dias de sua gestação.

The aim of this work was to evaluate how inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane alters physiological parameters of pregnant bitches. Nine mixed breed bitches with mean age of 3 year-old were submitted to the same anesthetic procedure in two different moments: the first one envolving non-pregnant bitches and the second one 45 day pregnant bitches. All bitches received acepromazine (0,05mg kg-1) intravenously as premedication, propofol (5mg kg-1) by the same way and sevoflurane diluted in oxygen. The variables measured were: heart rate and respiratory rate, systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure, rectal temperature, end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation, pH, oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, bicarbonate and base excess. The parameters were evaluated before (M0) and 15 minutes after tranquilization (M1), 15 minutes after parameters stabilization of inhalation anesthesia (M2) and every 15 minutes during 60 minutes (M3, M4, M5, M6), except pH and blood gas values which were measured before tranquilization (M0), 15 minutes after parameters stabilization (M2) and at 60 minutes of anesthesia (M6). The heart rate increased in the pregnant bitch before and 15 minutes after tranquilization and there was blood pressure and rectal temperature decrease. The statistical evaluation used were Analysis of Variance and Tukeyæs test (P<0,05). These results allowed the conclusion that the anesthetic protocol didnÆt change the variables measured, which can be employed safely in case of surgical and/or anesthetic procedure in 45 day pregnant bitches.

Repair of lamellar scleral lesions in dogs with preserved equine renal capsule: short report

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of equine renal capsule preserved in glycerin to repair lamellar scleral lesions in dogs. METHODS: Twelve healthy mongrel dogs, male and female, weighing 12 kg were used. The study was both clinical and morphological, and performed on the first, third, seventh, 15th 30th and 60th day after surgery. Temporal canthotomy was performed after standard preoperative and general anesthesia. Conjunctival and sclera square incisions of 0.5x0.5 cm were carried out in a one o' clock position, near the limbus. A fragment of hydrated biological prosthesis, of the saro shape, was sutured with 7-0 Vicryl® in an interrupted suture. RESULTS: The clinical evaluation showed blepharospasm/photophobia until the 7th day after surgery. Conjunctival edema appeared up to the 5th day after surgery. Mucoid ocular discharge was sustained until the 10th day after surgery. Hyperemia was observed until the end of the evaluation period. There were no signs of graft extrusion in all animals. The anterior and posterior segmente did not show clinical signs of inflammation. The optical microscopy mor phological evaluation showed an inflammatory exudation with acute aspects in the early and intermediate periods, and inflammatory exudation with chronic aspects in the late periods. There was incorporation of the implant by the recipient's sclera. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the equine renal preserved capsule could be a useful alternative tissue to repair lamellar corneal lesions in dogs and humans.